Constitutional Principles
What principle divides power between the national and state governments?
Federalism
The Articles of Confederation.
These powers are listed directly in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution
Enumerated Powers
A debate between small and large states over representation in Congress led to this, often called the Great Compromise.
a Bicameral Legislature (House & Senate)
This 1819 court case over the country's financial systems had antifederalists rolling in their grave over the dramatic expansion of federal power.
McCulloch v. Maryland
Our Constitution is a manifestation of this Enlightenment age-old agreement between citizens and their government. Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau all had something to say about it.
Social Contract.
This founding document describes the ideas of John Locke
The Declaration of Independence
The federal government has used this part of the Constitution to dramatically expand its power, leading to many debates over the balance of power between states and the federal government under federalism.
The Necessary & Proper Clause
The Federalist argued THIS was an unnecessary addition to the proposed Constitution because of the carefully curated list of powers laid out in Article I section 8.
The Bill of Rights
This clause of the Constitution allows the federal government authority to regulate economic activity between states.
The Commerce Clause
This enlightenment concept provides the basis for why we have elections every two years.
Popular Sovereignty
Federalist 51 argues that the Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances will protect against Tyranny. Brutus counters that this clause of the Constitution will empower the federal government to strike down state laws.
Supremacy Clause
The New Deal ushered in a new era of this type of federalism
Cooperative Federalism
The 10th amendment creates these types of powers.
Reserved.
Madison to Brutus: Calm down, bro, Montesquieu had it figured out with this system.
Separation of powers.
Among the chief grievances in the Declaration of Independence, as laid out by Thomas Jefferson on behalf of the colonists, was the issue of taxation without representation. As a result, the new United States of America was structured under this principle, seen in the structure of our U.S. Congress today
Republicanism
If states had their choice, all grants would be this type, increasing state discretion over the allocation of funds.
Block Grants
The compromise on representation combined what two original plans?
The Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan
In 2024, California gave $276.5 billion more to the federal government than it received in federal funding. This process of the federal government collecting money and redistributing it to states is known as.
Fiscal Federalism.
This principal not established until the court gave itself the power in 1803, regularly uses the supremacy clause to rule against states encroaching on federal power. Brutus 1: "See, I told you so".
Judicial review
This founding document would most support the use of categorical grants.
Federalist 51
The Trump administration's pursuit to dismantle the Department of Education, a federal agency used to provide guidance and funding for education across states signals a return to this type of Federalism.
Dual Federalism
Antifederalists would roll their eyes at the federal government using this type of grant to force states to comply with federal policies without providing proper funds to do so.
Unfunded or underfunded mandates.
Proponents of federalism will argue that States can act as laboratories of _________, testing out policies at the state level before they become national policies like in the case of Colorado legalizing Marijuana.
Democracy