voting-general
is the right to vote
What is franchise?
a societal structure that connects average citizens to their government & the political parties
What is a linkage institution?
1. whichever candidate receives the majority of votes in a state, receives all of their electoral votes -ex: electoral college
2. gives seats to parties based on the proportion of votes they win
- ex: if a party wins 10% of the votes, they receive 10% of seats. many european nations use this system
1. What is winner-takes-all voting districts?
2. What is proportional voting system?
1- implemented in 1804 election, made it to where the president & up are voted on using 2 distinct ballots
2- run by political party (unlike primary elections) & more involved, members in political party come together to address issues & relevant info.
1- What is the 12th amendment?
2- What is a caucus?
definition: organizations that raise money to support a political campaign.
ex:
1- political action committees that are formed by corporations or labor unions
2- formed independently typically around a specific public interest (gun advocacy groups)
3- formed by anyone, can accept unlimited donations cant directly coordinate with a candidate
What is a PAC?
1- What is a connected PAC?
2- What is a non-connected PAC?
3- What is super PAC?
a citizens belief that they can make political change
ex: if you are a democrat living in a strong republican state, you may feel like your vote doesn't matter
what is political efficacy?
the act of engaging in direct contact with individuals to try to convince them to vote for you for your desired candidate.
What is canvassing?
1. webs of influence between interest groups, policy makers & policy advocates that come together to achieve policy goals.
2. voluntary associations of people who come together with the goal of getting the policies that they favor enacted
1- What are issue networks?
2- What are interest groups?
1- all eligible voters may vote regardless of partisan affiliation
2- only voters registered with a party before rhe date of election may vote
1- What is open primary?
2- What is closed primary?
1- ____ money is money given directly to a candidate
2- ____ money is money given to a party/interest group that could then advertise on candidates behalf
1- What is hard money?
2- What is soft money?
wealthier individuals are more likely to vote than lower income individuals. voter ID laws require government issued ID's to be presented upon voting.
How does socio economic status affect voting turnout? What are structural barriers?
A major change in the composition of party coalitions, often brought on by a new or pressing issue
ex: in 1960's, Nixons southern strategy successfully gained support for republican party in southern & western states as the republican base shifted away from northeast.
the u.s. has a 2 party system, makes it hard for third party candidates to gain political power.
-important because they sometimes speak for groups the major parties do not represent and introduce ideas the two major parties may not address.
how are third parties related to the 2 major parties?
1- ___ is someone who is currently holds office
2- ___ phenomenon that someone who is currently holding office is much more likely to win than their challenger
1- What is an incumbent?
2- What is incumbency advantage>
law increased amount of hard money that could be donated to candidate, aimed to regulate and make more transparent the amount of soft money that could be donated
What is BCRA of 2002?
1. voting based on your own individual self-interests.
2. voting based on assessment of all incumbent's past performance.
3.voting based on party or candidate's promises to enact policies favored by the voter.
4.voting for candidate based on political party.
1. what is rational choice voting?
2.what is retrospective voting?
3. what is prospective voting?
4. what is party-line voting?
An organization, usually representing an interest group or corporation, that raises money with the goal of supporting or defeating candidates, parties, or legislation
a mutually beneficial relationship/activities between the bureaucracy, congress & interest groups to achieve shared policy goals
What is iron triangle?
where candidates now have the opportunity of using the media to mobilize voters; can get people registered to vote, support a specific candidate, and getting people to donate.
How has social media affected elections?
___limited how much money a person could give to a candidate & how much money a candidate could spend on their campaign. It bans contributions from the treasuries of corporations, labor organizations, national banks, federal government contractors, and foreign nationals.
What is FECA?
?th amendment: extended the right to vote for black men
?th amendment: allows us to vote for our senators
?th amendment: extended the right to vote for women
?th amendment: abolished poll taxes which were a tool for voter suppression toward minorities
?th amendment: lowered voting age to 18
What are the 13th, 17th, 19th, 24th and 26th amendments?
Changes in technology have advanced the parties ability to collect data in voters & use data to help their campaigns, as parties and candidates invest heavily in data-management software and equipment to learn about voters and they use this data to create highly targeted campaign messages.
Ex: targeted advertising, social media, email marketing & voter data management.
-Orca: app that allowed the campaign to compare areas of high and low voter turnout
How have communication & data-management technology had an impact on today's voting?
1- a theory that widespread political participation is essential for democratic government
2- a theory of government that emphasize the role of groups in the policy making process
3- a theory that the elites have a disproportionate amount of influence in the policy making process
2- What is pluralist theory?
3- What is elitist theory?
A policy that enables members of Congress to send material through the mail by substituting their facsimile signature for postage.
what is franking?
focuses more on polling & who's running/losing than the actual policy goals & beliefs of the candidates
What is horse race journalism?