Random #1
Type of federalism from 1801-1933 where there were clear divisions between the responsibilities of the federal and state governments.
Dual Federalism
The form of government where most citizens participate directly in making public policy [Ex: New England Town meeting).
Direct Democracy
In this writing, Madison argued for a strong national government with a separation of powers and checks and balances saying, “if men were angels, not government would be necessary.
Federalist 51
This is the name of powers specifically granted to one of the branches of the national government.
Formal/Expressed/EnumeratedPowers
The clause in ArticleIV says that states within the U.S. have to respectthe “public acts, records, and judicial rulings” of other states such as honoring drivers licenses and divorces decrees from other states.
Full Faith and Credit Clause
Type of federalism (1933-present) in which federal and state governments have blurred and even shared responsibilities.
Cooperative Federalism
The type of government in which small groups of officialsare elected to represent the people.
The government in effect from 1781-1788 had weak central government with no chief executive or national courts, and a Congress that could not tax or maintain an army.
Articles of Confederation
The provision in Article I of the Constitution that gives Congress its implied powers.
Necessary and Proper Clause
The constitutional amendmentseen as the cornerstone of federalismand states rights, saysthat “powers not prohibited to the states are reserved to the states,” a.k.a. reserved powers.
10th Amendment
Federal grants for specific purposes defined by federal law that requires states or localities to put up “matching funds.”
Catergorical Grants
The theory of power in which resources (money, prestige, access to media) so widely scattered in our society that no single elite has a monopoly >>> competing interest groups.
Pluralist theory
This is the name of the compromise that called for bicameralism with representation in the upper house equal, and representation based on population in the lower house.
Great Compromise
Division of the national government into 3 branches, each with its own powers.
Seperation of powers
In this 1819 decision, the court ruledthe creation of the national bank constitutional through the “necessary and proper clause”and forbid a state from taxing the bank via the Supremacy Clause.
McCullouch v. Maryland
Broad federal grants to states for prescribed activities like healthcare for the poor withonly a few specific strings attached that allow states discretion in spending the money.
Block grants
The theory of power in which government decisions are controlled by a powerful few elite such as key corporate leaders, military leaders, small group ofkey political leaders, key people in the media.
Elite theory
These were added to the Constitution in 1791 to protect citizens from the encroachment of the national government.
Bill of Rights
The actions that each branch of the federal government can take against the other two to ensure oversight.
Checks and Balances
In 1995, the Supreme Court struck down Gun-Free-School-Zone Act; Congress exceeded its authority to legislate.
Us v. Lopez
Attempt beginning with President Reagan to scale back the size and activities of the federal government, and shift responsibility and power for domestic programs to the states.
devolution
This philosopher states that a just government will derive its powers from the consent of the people it governs, and protect citizen’s “life, liberty and property.”
John Locke
In the ratification debate, this group supported a strong central government and weaker state governments.
Federalists
Type of government wherepower is shared between the nationaland state government, with the national government supreme.
Federalism
Legal doctrine established in Gitlow v. New Yorkin which portions of the Bill of Rights are applied to the states through the “due process clause of the 14thAmendment.
Selective incorportation