Functions and Structures of Congress
Describe how a bill becomes a law. Include specific numbers needed to pass and reference the conference committee.
Vice President of the US
1. Which Amendment reduced the voting age from 21 to 18? 2. Gave women the right to vote? 3. Allowed direct election of Senators? 4. Gave African Americans the right to vote?
26
19
17
15
Describe Baker v. Carr
Tennessee citizens said that a 1901 law designed to apportion the seats for the state's General Assembly was virtually ignored. Baker's suit said Tennessee's reapportionment efforts ignored significant economic growth and population shifts within the state. SC said federal courts have the right to judge apportionment cases.
What is a difference between liberal, conservative, and libertarian ideologies. Bonus: Which is aligned with the major political parties.
Liberal = Gov involvement in economy, less in individual/moral issues
Conservative = Less Gov involvement in economy, more in individual/moral issues
Libertarian= little gov involvement
What are 3 themes in American Political Culture?
Equality of opportunity, limited government, free enterprise, rule of law, individualism
What are 2 ways the legislative branch can check the executive branch?
-Confirmation Powers & Ratify Treaties, initiate impeachment
Which amendment is the Establishment Clause fabricated from?
The 1st Amendment.
Which Supreme Court Case selectively incorporated 2nd Amendment to the states and local governments?
McDonald v. Chicago
What is the difference between lifecycle and generational effects?
Lifecycle effects change people as they age and generational effects are the different voting patterns and political beliefs of each generation.
Describe how the electoral college system works.
States have electoral votes based on population. States hold elections. Electors pledge to vote for the winner of the state, winner takes all votes in most states. Need 270 to win.
Define a Cloture and the number needed to cloture.
A motion to cut off debate on a bill. 3/5
What is the Free Exercise Clause?
Citizens have a right to practice their preferred religion.
According the Schenck v. United States, when can speech be limited?
Speech can be limited if it creates a clear and present danger.
Name 3 structural or institutional barriers to third party success.
- funding laws/less money, less media attention, need certain number of signatures to get on ballot, winner take all system
What are 2 examples of Direct Democracy?
Referendums & Initiatives
Name 3 enumerated powers of Congress. Bonus: What is the "elastic clause" aka the Necessary and Proper Clause?
Declare war, coin money, create post offices, create courts under SC, levy taxes, spend money, etc
Gives Congress the right to do what is "necessary and proper" to carry out enumerated powers. Expands power.
Describe how an amendment is created. What theme does this illustrate?
How did Tinker v. Des Moines expand free speech rights?
Students have free speech at school.
Name 3 criteria for polls to be considered "scientific"
Over 1000 respondents, random representative sample, unbiased/neutral questions
Describe the 3 types of Democracy (pluralist, participatory, elite)
Participatory- all segments of society represented, engaged. Pluralist- groups form within society to enact change (interest groups), elite- rich/educated/powerful make most decisions
Politico does sometimes what constituents want, sometimes what they want. Delegate refers to the constituents. Trustees rely on own knowledge and background.
Describe selective incorporation.
The Bill of Rights applies to states & limits power of state governments.
Which Supreme Court Case incorporated the right to counsel?
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Describe the 4 types of voter behavior.
Retrospective
Prospective
Rational-Choice
Straight-ticket
Identify 3 structural or institutional barriers that may keep a person from voting.
Registration requirements/voter ID requirements, no absentee/mail-in ballot, voting hours.