COURT
CASES
CASES
Maybury v. Maddison
Marbury v. Madison was a landmark 1803 Supreme Court case that established the power of judicial review. This power allows the Supreme Court to declare laws passed by Congress unconstitutional if they violate the Constitution.
Engel v. Vitale
Engel v. Vitale was a 1962 Supreme Court case that ruled that school-sponsored prayer in public schools violated the First Amendment's Establishment Clause. The case established the importance of separating church and state.
What happened?
Fed 51
Federalist No. 51 addresses the separation of powers, the federal structure of government and the maintenance of checks and balances by "opposite and rival interests" within the national government.
Which 3 court cases dealt with gerrymandering? (answer all for all points) I NEED TO EDIT THIS
Baker v. Carr
Shaw v. Reno
United States v. New York Times
New York Times v. United States, better known as the “Pentagon Papers” case, was a decision expanding freedom of the press and limits on the government's power to interrupt that freedom.
United States v. Lopez
United States v. Lopez was a 1995 Supreme Court case that limited the power of Congress to pass laws under the Commerce Clause. The case involved a high schooler who was charged with carrying a concealed weapon in violation of the Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990. The Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in favor of Lopez, striking down the law.
What happened?
McDonald v. Chicago
In the 2010 case McDonald v. City of Chicago, the Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment applies to state and local governments. This landmark decision expanded the right to bear arms and protected it from infringement by state and local governments.
Notes
Fed 10
What was the Purpose of Federalist Paper 10? Written by James Madison, this Federalist 10 defended the form of republican government proposed by the Constitution. Critics of the Constitution argued that the proposed federal government was too large and would be unresponsive to the people.
Brutus 1
“Brutus No. 1” is an essay written in 1787 by an Anti-Federalist who opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. The essay argued that the Constitution would lead to tyranny and the erosion of individual liberties.
Tinker v. Des Moines
Tinker v. Des Moines was a 1969 Supreme Court case that ruled that students' First Amendment rights apply to public schools. The case established that schools cannot censor student speech unless it significantly disrupts the educational process.
What happened?
Plessy v. Ferguson (doctrine must be said for full points)
Plessy v. Ferguson was a landmark 1896 Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation laws in the United States. The ruling established the "separate but equal" doctrine, which legalized segregation in public facilities like schools, parks, and transportation. Homer Plessy, a man who was seven-eighths white, challenged the law by purchasing a first-class ticket and sitting in the white-only railroad car
Brown v. Board of Education (establish which other case it connects to for full points)
Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case that ruled that racially segregated public schools were unconstitutional. The unanimous decision by Chief Justice Earl Warren overturned the "separate but equal" doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896.
Fed 70
In Federalist No. 70, Alexander Hamilton argues for a strong executive branch led by a single president. Hamilton believed that a single executive was best able to protect the country, administer the law, and protect liberty and property.
Explain "A Letter From Birmingham Jail" and which amendment it connects to
The thesis of Martin Luther King Jr.'s Letter from Birmingham is that sometimes civil disobedience is an appropriate response to injustice. Martin Luther King Jr. explains how it is the responsibility of citizens, church, and state to stand peacefully for social justice and civil rights.
How did the U.S. v Nixon Watergate scandal play out?
It revolved around members of a group associated with Nixon's 1972 re-election campaign breaking into and planting listening devices in the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate Office Building in Washington, D.C., on June 17, 1972, and Nixon's later attempts to hide his administration's involvement.
Shaw v. Reno
In "Shaw v. Reno," the Supreme Court ruled that redistricting plans that are drawn primarily based on race, creating oddly shaped districts, violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, meaning race cannot be the predominant factor when drawing electoral districts, even if done to increase minority representation; essentially establishing that racial gerrymandering is unconstitutional.
Wisconsin v. Yoder
Wisconsin v. Yoder was a 1972 Supreme Court case that ruled that Wisconsin's compulsory school attendance law violated the First Amendment. The case involved Amish parents who refused to send their children to public school after the eighth grade.
Key points
Fed 78
In Federalist No. 78, Alexander Hamilton argued for an independent judiciary and judicial review. Hamilton published this essay in 1788.
What is a filibuster?
The Senate tradition of unlimited debate has allowed for the use of the filibuster, a loosely defined term for action designed to prolong debate and delay or prevent a vote on a bill, resolution, amendment, or other debatable question.
Gideon v. Wainwright
In Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution requires the states to provide defense attorneys to criminal defendants charged with serious offenses who cannot afford lawyers themselves. The case began with the 1961 arrest of Clarence Earl Gideon.
Baker v Carr (get quote too for full points)
"Baker v. Carr" was a landmark Supreme Court case in 1962 where the court ruled that federal courts could hear cases challenging a state's legislative districting plan if it violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, effectively establishing the "one person, one vote" principle, meaning each individual's vote should carry equal weight regardless of where they live; this decision overturned the previous idea that redistricting issues were solely "political questions" beyond the judiciary's reach.
Schneck v. United States
Schenck v. United States was a 1919 Supreme Court case that established the "clear and present danger" test for limiting free speech. The case involved Charles Schenck, the general secretary of the Socialist Party, who was convicted of mailing circulars that criticized the military draft.
Key points:
Fed 39
Federalist No. 39 is an essay by James Madison that explains the new US government's character as both federal and national. It was published in 1788 in New York newspapers.
Cooper v. Aaron connects to which other court case? How?
The 1958 Supreme Court case "Cooper v. Aaron" established that Arkansas state officials were bound by the Supreme Court's decision in "Brown v. Board of Education," despite disagreements, and that states must follow the Constitution's interpretation.
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
In Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988), the Supreme Court ruled that schools can limit student speech if it goes against the school's educational goals. The case established that schools can censor student newspapers that aren't considered public forums.