Foundations of American Democracy
Many incidents and legal challenges highlighted the weaknesses of this early form of government
Articles of Confederation
This amendment set limits on the number of presidential terms
22nd Amendment
The 8th Amendment protects against
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Experiences a person encounters during different life stages
Life cycle effects
What Supreme Court case established the Judicial Review?
Marbury v. Madison
The Constitution states that all revenue bills must originate in
What is the house of representatives?
A system where power is divided between the national and state governments.
Federal System (Federalism)
Requires accused persons to be informed of rights before interrogation
Miranda Rights
These presidential proclamations carry the same weight as law:
What are executive orders?
Channels that allow individuals to communicate preferences to policymakers
Linkage Institution
Method by which the President is elected
Electoral College
Different levels of government are involved in common policy areas. This has nothing to do with duals.
What is cooperative federalism?
The Supreme Court case DC v Heller recognized this constitutional right on a federal level
An individual’s right to bear arms under the Second Amendment.
In _____________, Alexander Hamilton states that “energy in the executive is a leading character in the definition of good government.” In this statement, Hamilton is arguing in favor of the need for a single executive who can respond quickly to crises.
What is Federalist 70?
Refers to individuals who vote for all candidates from one party on a ballot
Party-line/Straight-ticket Voting
Document arguing the Constitution gives too much power to the central government
Brutus 1
Brings an end to the filibuster.
This process involved legislation that directs specific funds to projects within districts or states.
What is pork barrel spending?
If Congress adjourns during the ten days the president has to consider a bill passed by both houses of Congress, but which the president has not yet signed, what is the result?
What is a pocket veto?
No racial gerrymandering; race cannot be the sole or predominant, factor in redrawing legislative boundaries; majority-minority districts.
Shaw v. Reno
This amendment forms the basis of federalism.
10th amendment.
Written by Alexander Hamilton, justifies a single executive
Federalist 70.
Describe the War Powers Act of 1973
U.S. President must notify Congress within 48 hours of initiating hostilities against Iran. Without specific congressional authorization or a declaration of war, military action must end within 60 days, with a 30-day drawdown period.
The President going directly to the people to put pressure on Congress is called the...
What is the Bully pulpit?
Ordered states to provide lawyers for those unable to afford them in criminal proceedings.
Gideon v. Wainwright