These were ineffective because they lacked a strong central government and the power to tax.
What are the Articles of Confederation?
100
He influenced the Constitution more than any other political philosopher.
Who was Montesquieu?
100
This clause allows Congress to expand its legislative power beyond enumerated powers.
What is the elastic or "necessary and proper" clause?
100
These are the strongest factors that affect whether someone will vote or not.
What are age and education?
100
Political parties first developed in America over this fundamental issue.
What is the strength or power of the central government?
200
This event convinced many that the Articles needed to be reformed or replaced.
What is Shays's Rebellion?
200
He believed that "governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed."
Who is John Locke?
200
All tax legislation must begin here.
What is the House of Representatives?
200
In an election, they have an advantage becasue of name recognition, established political support, better money-raising opportunities and a proven track record of performance.
What are incumbents?
200
The Progressive Party supported these reforms on the state level to give more power to citizens.
What are the recall, referendum, and initiative?
300
James Madison felt that the Constitution created a system that prevented "a tyranny of" this.
What is the majority?
300
These two political philosophers both believed in limited government.
Who are Locke and Montesquieu?
300
If a president vetoes legislation, Congress can do this to get the law passed anyway.
What is override the veto by a two-thirds vote of both houses?
300
This Supreme Court decision allows unlimited fundraising and spending by corporations and unions in elections.
What is Citizens' United?
400
The Anti-Federalists opposed the Constitution because they felt it did not protect these.
What are individual rights?
400
In his political philosophy, he focused on competition between contending interests.
Who is David Hume?
400
This is the purpose of lifetime appointments for federal judges.
What is so they can be politically independent?
400
Those with higher education tend to be more liberal on these issues.
What are social issues?
400
Political conventions really don't nominate candidates anymore because the nominee is usually already decided on through these.
What are primaries and caucuses?
500
They wrote the Federalist Papers.
Who are John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison?
500
This is the idea that one gives up one's selfish interests for the good of the whole society.
What is civic virtue?
500
Congress's enumerated powers are found here.
What is Article I, Section 8?
500
Although everyone says they don't like it, this is effective because it can showcase an opponent's flaws and is often more memorable than other types of campaigning.
What is negative campaigning?
500
This party was born out of dissatisfaction with the Kansas-Nebraska Act.