Federal Power & Reform
This 1919 case created the “clear and present danger” test, allowing limits on free speech during wartime.
What is Schenck v. United States?
This 1803 Supreme Court case established judicial review, giving the Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
This 1969 case affirmed that students do not “shed their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gate.”
What is Tinker v. Des Moines?
This 1819 case confirmed Congress’s implied powers and ruled that states cannot tax the federal government.
McCulloch v. Maryland
This 1971 case limited the government’s ability to use prior restraint to censor the press.
What is New York Times Co. v. United States?
This landmark 1954 decision ruled that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional.
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
This 1995 case limited Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause by striking down a federal gun law.
What is United States v. Lopez?
This 1962 ruling held that public schools cannot sponsor prayer, even if it is voluntary.
What is Engel v. Vitale?
This 1962 case established the principle of “one person, one vote” and allowed courts to hear redistricting cases.
What is Baker v. Carr?
This 2010 case incorporated the Second Amendment to apply to state and local governments.
What is McDonald v. Chicago?
This 1972 decision protected Amish families’ right to remove children from school after the 8th grade for religious reasons.
What is Wisconsin v. Yoder?
This 1963 case guaranteed the right to an attorney for criminal defendants who cannot afford one.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
This 1993 case ruled that racial gerrymandering is unconstitutional when race is the dominant factor in drawing districts.
What is Shaw v. Reno?