Foundations of Democracy
This clause in the Constitution establishes a hierarchy where federal laws and treaties override state laws, and States are required to follow them even if they have contradictory laws
Supremacy Clause
Gives Congress the power to enact laws as needed to enforce the Constitution and carry out its powers given in the Constitution.
Aka Implied Powers
Necessary and Proper Clause
SCOTUS case that established Judicial review, the courts have the power to review the actions of the other two branches of government and declare laws unconstitutional if they violate the Constitution.
Marbury v Madison
After the President and Vice-President, this person is next in the line of succession
Speaker of the House
The strategic drawing of US House district lines to concentrate or dilute the voting power of a political or racial group, named for a 19th-century Massachusetts governor.
Gerrymandering
An agreement between the federal government and citizens in which the government promises to protect individual rights and liberty.
The Social Contract
Gives Congress the right to regulate trade and commerce between the states and has greatly expanded congressional power.
Commerce Clause
SCOTUS ruling that overturned the "separate but equal" doctrine established in the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson.
Brown v Board of Education
A directive from the President to federal agencies, acting as a tool to manage operations, implement laws, or set a policy.
Executive Order
This case established the 1 person, 1 vote principle.
Baker v Carr
Explain one of the arguements in Brutus 1
Brutus argues that the federal government would have too much power, especially over the states.
Brutus argues that it's impossible to accurately represent the people in a large society.
Brutus argues that a republican form of government is not well suited to a large country.
SCOTUS case that established that Congress has implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution.
McColloch v Maryland
This document lays out that the Judicial Branch is the weakest of the 3 branches because it must depend on the executive branch to carry out its decisions.
Federalist 78
This election showed the flaws in the way the President and Vice-President were selected and led to many changes, including a constitutional amendment
Election of 1800
In this case the Supreme Court ruled that while race can be a factor in redistricting, it cannot be the predominant factor, and districts drawn solely based on race are subject to strict scrutiny under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment
Shaw v Reno
This document argues that checks and balances and the separation of powers within the government are necessary to prevent tyranny and protect liberty.
Fed 51
What is the purpose of Cloture?
To end the filibuster and bring a bill to vote.
The idea that judges should strike down laws that are inconsistent with their understanding of the Constitution is known as
Judicial Activism
In the event of no presidential candidate getting the needed 270 electoral votes to win the election would be decided by which branch of government?
The House of Representatives
What type of Government funding gives states the most freedom in how the money is used?
Block Grant
What is the main argument of Federalist 70?
The need for a single, strong, executive
What is the purpose of a conference committee in the House of Representatives?
Fix the differences when bills that have passed the House and the Senate are not identical so they can be approved by both houses.
What is Stare Decisis?
The principle that courts should use their past decisions as a guide
Agencies like the EPA, designed to protect the public interest, are what type of Federal Bureaucracy?
Regulatory Agency
What is Pork Barrelling?
When a member of Congress gets funds to go directly to their district in a piece of legislation