Constitutional Clauses
This clause worried Anti-Federalists because it provides implied powers to Congress
Necessary and Proper Clause
(Article I, Section 8, Clause 18)
Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review in the United States
Marbury v. Madison
These are organizations of people with shared goals who seek to influence public policy.
Interest Groups
This required document claims a large, unified republic will destroy state power, create unrepresentative government, and threaten liberty
Brutus 1
The House of Representatives has membership based upon...
Population
This clause was applied in McCulloch v. Maryland and states that federal law takes precedence over state law.
Supremacy Clause
(Article VI, Clause 2 )
Supreme Court case that established the "one person, one vote" principle
Baker v. Carr
These are elections in which there is a realignment of political party support among voters
Critical elections
This document argues that a large, diverse republic is the best way to control the dangers of "factions"
Federalist no. 10
This model of political representation describes an elected official who uses their own judgment in decision-making
Trustee Model
This clause was applied in Engel v. Vitale.
Establishment Clause of the First Amendment
Supreme Court case that allows unrestricted independent political expenditures by corporations and unions
Citizens United v. FEC
This is an individual's belief that their political action (such as voting) can influence government
Political Efficacy
This document argues that governments derive power from the "consent of the governed"
Declaration of Independence
This is the power of Congress to review the policies and practices of the executive branch.
Oversight
This clause was applied in Wisconsin v. Yoder
Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment
Set in Schenk v. US, this standard holds that the First Amendment does not protect speech that presents a...
"Clear and Present Danger"
This is an event held every four years in the United States by political parties to select their presidential and VP nominees for the general election
This document argues that citizens have a moral obligation to break unjust laws.
Letter from Birmingham Jail
This constitutional clause is the basis for broad federal regulatory power over economic activities between states
(HINT: This clause was at the center of US v. Lopez)
The Commerce Clause
(Article I, Section 8, Clause 3)
Selective incorporation is where the Bill of Rights is applied to state laws via this clause
Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment
In New York Times Co. v. US the Nixon Administration attempted to prevent the media from publishing these classified documents
The Pentagon Papers
This is a type of election where only voters who are formally affiliated with a political party are allowed to participate in voting for the party nominee.
Closed primary
Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" calls for the fulfillment of the principles in the Declaration of Independence and this clause of the 14th Amendment.
Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment
This type of committee is used to reconcile different versions of the same bill passed by both chambers
Conference Committee