Foundations of Democracy
The first Constitution for the United States with many weaknesses
Articles of Confederation
In this chamber of Congress, debate is unlimited.
The Senate
This Constitutional Amendment contains the Due Process clause and the Equal Protection clause.
14th Amendment
The political party more aligned withe the liberal ideology.
The Democratic Party
This Constitutional Amendment granted women the right to vote.
19th Amendment
This is the system used to elect the President
Electoral College
This amendment limits the number of presidential terms
22nd Amendment
The 8th amendment protects against this
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
The ideology that generally favors smaller government.
Conservative
This refers to individuals who vote for all the candidates from one political party on a ballot
Straight-ticket voting
The term for the sharing of power between national and state governments
Federalism
The type of spending required by law for entitlement programs such as Social security, Medicare, and Medicaid
Mandatory Spending
This requires a person accused of a crime to be informed of their due process rights under the 5th and 6th amendments during questioning
Miranda warning
Experiences a person encounters during different life stages which form their political beliefs
Life cycle effects
The media and political parties are both examples of this which allows individuals to communicate their preferences to policymakers.
Linkage Institutions
This document explains how the separation of powers and checks and balances control potential abuses by the federal government.
Federalist No. 51
Written by Alexander Hamilton, offers justification for a single energetic executive.
Federalist No. 70
This refers to policies intended to address workplace and educational disparities related to race, ethnic origin, gender, disability, and age.
Affirmative Action
These are conducted immediately after voting and collect data on why people voted the way they did.
Exit polls
The term for the benefits current officeholders possess over challengers
Incumbency advantage
The term for money given to the states from the federal government for a narrowly defined purpose
Categorical Grant
Alliances of congressional committees, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups is called this.
Iron Triangle
This law prohibits racial discrimination in voting practices and bans literacy tests as a precondition for voting
(HINT: This was the law at the center of Shaw v. Reno)
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This is the term for actions taken by the Federal Reserve to influence interest rates in order to improve economic conditions, especially inflation.
Monetary Policy
Individuals who benefit from the work of an interest group without providing financial support
Free Riders