Court's Authority
This term describes a court's authority to hear and decide cases.
Jurisdiction
District, Appeals/Circuit, Supreme
Supreme Court decision that proclaimed all people accused of felonies have the right to a lawyer. If they can't afford a lawyer, the state must provide one.
Gideon v. Wainwright
Supreme Court decision that legalized abortion.
Roe v Wade
Court order that requires lower courts to send up their records to the Supreme Court.
Writ of certiorari
These terms describe the situation in which federal or state courts have the authority to hear and decide cases.
Concurrent jurisdiction
These are the two steps in becoming a Supreme Court Justice.
1. President appoints
2. Senate confirms
Supreme Court decision that established judicial review.
Marbury v. Madison
Supreme Court decision that prohibited school led prayer.
Engel v. Vitale
Supreme Court decision that said congressional districts could not be drawn on the basis of race.
Shaw v. Reno
This is the only type of jurisdiction that US Circuit Courts can exercise.
Appellate
Length of the term of any federal court judge.
Life
Supreme Court decision that allowed for unlimited political spending, as long as the money did not go directly to a candidate.
Citizens United v. FEC
Supreme Court decision that stated congressional districts must have roughly the same population in them.
Baker v. Carr
This the opinion of the minority of Supreme Court justices.
Dissenting opinion
Only federal courts can hear cases involving federal law. This is the type of jurisdiction that would be exercised under the previous statement.
Exclusive jurisdiction
Main job of the judicial branch and article in the Constitution that describes the judicial branch.
1. Interpret laws
2. Article III
Supreme Court decision that declared states could not tax federal entities such as a federal bank.
Supreme Court decision that declared separate but equal is unconstitutional.
Brown v. Board of Education
Name of the opinion when all 9 Supreme Court justices agree.
Unanimous Opinion
These terms describe a court's authority to hear a case for the first time.
Original jurisdiction
Both civil and criminal cases are heard in these federal courts and over 90 percent of federal cases begin at this level...
District Court
Supreme Court decision that reigned in the Congress' commerce power in relation to gun restrictions.
US v. Lopez
Supreme Court decision that stated that states could not infringe on gun rights.
McDonald v. Chicago
Number of justices that must agree before a case is brought before the Supreme Court.
4/Rule of 4