Amendments
Freedom of religion, press, assembly, petition, and speech
1st Amendment
Judicial review
Marbury v. Madison
Government spending for localized projects secured solely or primarily to bring money to a representative's district
pork barrel legislation
91 federal courts of original jurisdiction
district courts
lawsuits permitting a small number of people to sue on behalf of all other people similarly situated
class-action suit
Abolishes poll taxes
24th Amendment
Money is a form of speech and is therefore protected by the 1st amendment rights.
Citizens United v. FEC
the president lets a bill die by neither signing nor vetoing it after 10 days
Pocket Veto
appellate courts empowered to review all final decisions of district courts, except in rare cases
courts of appeal
The jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first, determine facts about a case
original jurisdiction
Congressional pay raises are not begun until the next election cycle
27th Amendment
Right to bear arms applies to the states
McDonald v. Chicago
relationship between a bureaucracy, an interest group, and a congressional committee
iron triangle
The pinnacle of the American judicial system
Supreme court
courts may hear cases brought to them through appeals from lower courts
appellate jurisdiction
Presidential succession
25th Amendment
Prayer in (public) school is unconstitutional
Engel v. Vitale
Using a position of power as an opportunity to speak and be listened to, this was coined during Theodore Roosevelt's presidency
Bully pulpit
power of the courts to decide whether acts of Congress are constitutional
Judicial review
in charge of the appellate court litigation of the federal government
solicitor general
No unreasonable searches and seizures
4th Amendment
Gideon v. Wainwright
"friend of the court," a person or group that may or may not have been solicited by a party and assists a court by providing information
amicus curiae brief
"let the decision stand"
stare decisis
how and whether court decisions are implemented into actual policy
Judicial implementation