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Founding Fathers and the Constitution
Constitutional Amendments
Federalism
Public Opinion, Political Behavior, and ideologies
Interest Groups, PACS, and 527's
100
The first two major groups that evolved into the first political parties: one side favored a weak federal government and strong states rights, the other side favored a strong federal government and weak state rights. The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution as a compromise for its passage.
Who are the Anti Federalist and Federalist? James Madison was a Federalist and Patrick Henry was an anti Federalist.
100
This amendment allows Congress to collect income taxes. At first it was a huge burden on the poor, but progressive income taxes were created and more of the burden fell on the rich.
What is the 16th amendment?
100
Define Concurrent Powers and list at least two.
What are powers that are shared by the federal and state governments? What is tax collection, road building, borrowing of money, and operation of courts of law?
100
Three Political Ideologies or coherent sets of thoughts and beliefs about politics and governments.
What are: Conservatives- individuals should be responsible for their own well being and not rely on gov assistance. They prefer free market enterprise and oppose gov regulation. Liberals- gov should be used to remedy social and economic injustices through welfare and affirmative action. They oppose school prayer and want separation of church and state. Moderate
100
Functions Political Parties perform
What are nominating candidates, educating and mobilizing voters, providing campaign funds and support, providing opposition in the two party system, etc.?
200
This French philosopher wrote, "The Spirit of Laws," and advocated for the separation of powers into three branches of government. Name the philosopher and the three branches of government.
Who is Charles de Montesquieu and what are the executive, legislative and judicial branches?
200
Explain how the 13th, 14th, 15th, 24th and 19th amendments were paramount for the civil rights of minority groups such as women and African Americas.
13th (1865)- prohibits slavery except for as punishment of convicted crime 14th(1868)- no state shall make or enforce a law which deprives life, liberty or property to anyone without due process of law. This is the equal protection clause. Prior to this the Bill of Rights did not apply to state law- selective incorporation 15th(1870)- granted voting rights to males of all races 24th (1964)- eliminated poll taxes 19th (1920) gave women the right to vote
200
The requirement that all states share court judgments, license information, civil acts and more.
What is Full Faith and Credit Clause?
200
List five factors in ideological and political behavior- the things that correlate with peoples backgrounds and beliefs.
What are race, religion, gender, income level, and region?
200
Five major interest groups or organizations that are dedicated to a particular goal are:
What are Sierra Club, National Rifle Association, Christian Coalition, NAACP, American Medical Association, AARP, etc? Unlike political parties, interest groups do NOT nominate candidates, but they do try to influence public policy. They raise money to make the public aware of the issues important to them. They fund candidates who plan to give their group "pork" or favor them with policy. When interest groups try to influence legislators it is called LOBBYING.
300
The two opposing plans to set up the legislature were divided about whether every state should be represented equally or by population. One plan favored larger states.
What is the Virginia Plan created by James Madison? The New Jersey Plan favored small states. The Great Compromise set up our bicameral legislature where the Senate has equal representation and the House is based on population.
300
FDR won the presidency four terms in a row. This amendment limited the presidents terms to TWO ONLY.
What is the 22nd amendment (1951)?
300
The Carrot and Stick approach to Federalism helps the Federal Government reward or punish state governments which gives the federal government more control. Explain how block grants, categorical grants, funded and unfunded mandates apply to the carrot and stick approach.
Block Grants- money for the state to use however it wants Categorical Grants- aid with strict provisions on how the money is to be spent Funded Mandates- Requirements such as clean air from the federal government with money to help achieve new goal Unfunded Mandate- Requirements without money
300
The term used to describe how people learn about politics as they grow and mature.
What is political socialization?
300
This Act of 1974 allowed corporations, unions, and trade associations to form political Action Committees as a means of raising campaign funds.
What is the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974? Federal law limits donors to $2,300 per candidate, $28,500 for parties and $5,000 for individual PAC's. Also, contributions cannot exceed $108,200 over two years.
400
The five freedoms guaranteed by the first amendment contain the fundamental principles of liberty and justice at the base of our civil and political institutions.
What are Freedom of Religion (free exercise clause and establishment clause), freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom to assemble, and freedom to petition the government?
400
The tenth amendment reserves any power not specifically granted (EXPRESSED/WRITTEN in the Constitution) to the federal government for the STATE government such as issuing licenses, determining speed limit, or drinking age. State governments were allowed many rights. However, this Supreme Court Case created INCORPORATION.
What is Incorporation The Supreme Court previously held, in Barron v. Baltimore, (1833), that the Constitution's Bill of Rights applied only to the federal government, that states were free to enforce statutes that restricted the rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights, and that the federal courts could not interfere with the enforcement of such statutes. Gitlow v. New York partly reversed that precedent and began a trend toward its nearly complete reversal. The Supreme Court now holds that almost every provision of the Bill of Rights applies to both the federal government and the states.
400
List and describe three or more features of the Constitution which led to growth in the power of the national government.
What are the necessary and proper clause (elastic clause), Supremacy Clause, Commerce Clause, General Welfare Clause, Taxing power, and Unitary Executive?
400
This term is used to describe how important an issue is to a specific demographic or constituent group. most notable or important
What is saliency?
400
Explain the difference between hard money and soft money.
When cash is contributed directly to a political candidate, it is known as a "hard money" contribution. These contributions may only come from an individual or a political action committee, and must follow the strict limits set forth by the FEC. When cash is contributed to a political party with no limits attached to the amount that can be received, this is known as a "soft money" contribution. The funds can come from individuals and political action committees as with "hard money", but they can also come from any other source, such as corporations. The law says that this money can only be used for "party-building activities" such as advocating the passage of a law and voter registration, and not for advocating a particular candidate in an election.
500
The Fifth Amendment guarantees five important concepts to protect an individual from the broad powers of the Federal Government.
What are 1. Grand jury when held for Capital or infamous crime 2. No Double Jeopardy 3. Eminent Domain 4. Self Incrimination 5. Due Process of Law?
500
The purpose of this compromise was to help slave states receive more representation in Congress and have more electoral votes.
What is the three fifths compromise?
500
The layer cake or marble cake model represents two examples of federalism.
What are dual versus cooperative federalism? Dual federalism is where the state governments and national government have very distinct and separate responsibilities and powers. Cooperative is where the lines are blurred and state and national government work together, often times with the national government bullying states by holding the carrot stick of funding over their heads if they don't comply with the federal government.
500
This group supports high taxes, affirmative action, and increased access to abortions.
What are liberals/ democrats? *** Democrats are not necessarily liberal ***Realignment and Dealignment
500
A tax exempt organization that promotes a social agenda, although they cannot expressly advocate for or against a specific candidate. The term is used for political organizations not regulated by the Federal Electoral Commission.
What are 527 groups?