Federalism Basics
What is giving power back to the states called?
Devolution
Grants given for a specific purpose, usually preferred by Democrats?
Categorical grants
Case that allowed Congress to create a national bank and denied states the power to tax it?
McCulloch v. Maryland
Powers written in the Constitution like coin money or declare war?
Enumerated powers
Government system where central government holds all power, used by most countries?
Unitary government
What type of federalism has separate powers like a “layer cake”?
Dual federalism
Grants with broad use, usually preferred by Republicans?
Block grants
Case that limited Congress’ power under the Commerce Clause regarding guns near schools?
U.S. v. Lopez
Powers held by states like education and marriage?
Reserved powers
Government system where states hold most power, like under the Articles of Confederation?
Confederal government
What type of federalism has shared powers like a “marble cake”?
Cooperative federalism
Rules states must follow, sometimes without funding?
Mandates or unfunded mandates
Case that expanded Congress’ power to regulate interstate commerce?
Gibbons v. Ogden
Powers shared by federal & state governments, like taxes and courts?
Concurrent powers
Government system where power is shared between states and national government, like the U.S.?
Federal government
What part of federalism shows up in elections, like state voting rules with national protections?
Federalism allows states to run elections, but national laws protect rights
How do states raise revenue?
Taxes (income, sales, property), fees, lotteries
Name two things established in McCulloch v. Maryland.
1) Congress has implied powers 2) States cannot tax federal government
Powers not written but “necessary & proper” for Congress to carry out duties?
Implied powers
Name some countries that use a unitary government.
UK, France, Japan
Which amendment reserves powers to the states?
10th Amendment
Grants awarded based on applications or competition?
Project grants
Which case strengthened federal power over states in trade?
Gibbons v. Ogden
Clause that allows Congress to regulate trade between states?
Commerce Clause
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ur group 7