UNIT 1+2
Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group. This is the essence of how humans interact with nature
What is Cultural landscape?
The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group of people’s distinct tradition
What is Culture?
Agriculture that is conducted to be directly consumed by the grower, sometimes sold for profit if an excess is produced
What is subsistence farming?
The growth of cities by population size and physical size
What is urbanization?
Commerce in which products are made & traded according to standards to protect workers & small businesses
What is fair trade?
The belief that humans have the ability to modify their environment and adapt to different conditions.
What is Possiblism?
The rapid widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population
The small scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops sold directly to local consumers. Distinguishable by the large diversity of crops grown on a small area of land, during a single growing season. Labor is done manually
What is market or truck gardening?
large urban areas characterized by their massive population size (20M+), extensive infrastructure, and high levels of connectivity that transcend traditional urban boundaries
What are metacities?
An aggregate index of development, which takes into account economic, social and demographic factors, using GDP, literacy and education, and life expectancy.
What is the Human Development Index?
The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation system
What is Time Space Compression?
The principle of separating religion from political, social, and educational institutions, promoting a society where religious beliefs do not influence public policy or governance
What is secularism?
Precursor to Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, that allowed a shift in work force beyond subsistence farming to allow labor to work in factories. Started in United Kingdom, Netherlands, and Denmark, especially with the Enclosure Act, which consolidated land in Great Britain. Potatoes and corn diffused from America’s to Europe, and other resources followed from colonial possessions to Europe.
What is the second agricultural revolution?
How the price and demand for land changes as the distance towards the CBD increases (~more expensive closer to the CBD)
What is the Bid Rent Theory?
financial services, including small loans and savings accounts, aimed at individuals and small businesses who lack access to traditional banking systems
What are microfinances?
The location of a place relative to other places.
What is Situation?
The political term used when referring to the fragmentation or breakup of a region or country into smaller regions or countries. The term comes from the Balkan wars, where the country of Yugoslavia was broken up in to six countries between 1989 and 1992
What is Balkanization?
Pastoral practice of seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture areas.
What is transhumance?
The link between 2 regions (control center for colonial powers)
What are gateway cities?
What are three of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals? (continuation of Millennium Development Goals)
What is no poverty, no hunger, good health, quality education, gender equality, clean water & sanitation, affordable energy, etc.
Was one of the first to argue that the worlds rate of population increase was far outrunning the development of food population. This is important because he brought up the point that we may be outrunning our supplies because of our exponentially growing population.
Who is Thomas Malthus?
Regulated trade and colonization in Africa. It formalized the scramble to gain colonies in Africa and set up boundaries for each country’s colonies.
What is the conference of Berlin?
‘Green Revolution’ ~ Rapid diffusion of new agricultural techniques between 1970’s and 1980’s, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers. Has caused agricultural productivity at a global scale to increase faster than population growth.
What is the Third Agricultural Revolution?
The revitalization of urban areas, improving infrastructure and amenities, at the cost of the displacement of long-term, lower-income residents
What is the gentrification?
This economic sector includes services like sales, transportation and distribution, entertainment, restaurants, clerical services, media, tourism, insurance, banking, healthcare, and law.
What is the tertiary sector?