Models
Represents the shifts in growth that the world's populations have undergone, and are still experiencing, over time
Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
Proposes that businesses locate their facilities in a particular place because that location minimizes the costs of production
Least Cost Theory
Information obtained by statistics
Quantitative data
Illustrates the age and gender characteristics of a country's population and may provide insights about economic development & social circumstances
Population Pyramid
The process that occurs when the central power in a state is broken up among regional authorities within its borders
Devolution
In this model, cities grow around ports and lack a clearly defined CBD
Southeast Asian City Model
Suggested that the world's population was growing faster than the rate of food production, and as a result, mass starvation would occur
Malthusian Theory
This type of map has a theme/specific purpose and focuses on the relationship among geographic data
Thematic map
Refers to the loss of trained or educated people to the lure of work in another, often richer, country
Brain drain
The largest city in a country, which is disproportionately larger than the second largest city in the country
Primate city
Developed in the 1920s, this model observes that a city grows outward from its CBD in a series on concentric rings.
Concentric Zone Model
Describes the spatial and functional relationships between countries in the world economy
World Systems Theory/Core Periphery Model
This type of map uses colors or shading to represent categories of data
Choropleth map
People who have been forced to flee their homes but remain within their country's borders
Internally displaced persons
The process by which people within one culture adopt some traits of another culture while still retaining their own distinct culture
Acculturation
As cities develop, wedge shaped sectors and divisions emanate from the CBD, generally along transit routes
Sector Model/Hoyt Sector Model
This theory states that countries develop their industry in five stages over time. The highest stage is one of high mass consumption where there are tons of goods developed and consumed
Rostow's Stages of Economic Growth/Rostow's Model
The process of gathering information about Earth's surface from a distance (satellites, aerial photography)
Remote sensing
Measures the total number of people per unit area of land
Arithmetic density
A typically fast growing community outside of or on the edge of a metropolitan area where the residents and community are closely connected to the central city and suburbs
Exurb
Describes changes in fertility, mortality, life expectancy, and population age distribution, largely as the result in changes of causes of death
Epidemiological Transition Model (ETM)
Goods and services are located within a threshold distance of the urban center based on how far people are willing to travel for work and consumption. Based on a number of assumptions, it creates a honeycomb of cities surrounded by smaller towns and markets.
Central Place Theory
The relative size of the continents is more easily displayed in this projection, but the shape of the continents is distorted
Gall-Peters Projection/Gall-Peters
A form of migration practiced by nomads who move herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations in the summer and lower elevations during the winter
Transhumance
A school of thought that promotes designing growth to limit the amount of urban sprawl and preserve nature & useable farmland
New Urbanism