UNIT 2 population
This is a measure of fertility calculated by dividing the number of live births in a year by the total population and then multiplying by 1,000.
What is crude birth rate?
This term describes a language that is used for communication between people who speak different native languages.
What is a lingua franca?
This term describes a group of people who share a common cultural identity but do not have their own sovereign territory.
What is a stateless nation?
In this method, farmers clear a plot of land, grow crops for a short season, and then move on when the soil loses fertility.
What is shifting cultivation (or crop rotation)?
this process creates an urban boundary for homebuyers of color, and makes it hard to buy a home in part of a city
REDLINING
This principle of trade argues that even if one country is less efficient than another in every production, both can still gain by specializing where they have a lower opportunity cost.
What is comparative advantage?
This stage of the Demographic Transition Model is marked by rapidly declining death rates and high birth rates, leading to significant population growth.
What is stage 2?
This idea suggests that humans can overcome environmental limitations through innovation.
What is possibilism?
This concept describes the use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries
What is neocolonialism?
This term describes the sequence of production, processing, distribution, and marketing that an agricultural product undergoes before reaching the consumer.
What is a commodity chain?
These are urban areas that have been polluted by a toxic spill or other evironmental tragedy
BROWNFIELDS
This economic and political ideology favors deregulation, privatization, and free-market competition, arguing that reduced government intervention leads to more efficient economies.
What is neoliberalism?
This term refers to barriers that prevent or hinder migration, such as political restrictions or economic costs.
What are intervening obstacles?
This process explains why groups with limited interaction due to physical, social, or political barriers develop distinct languages, traditions, and cultural identities.
What is cultural divergence?
This term describes the claim a state makes to assert ownership over territory based on backgrounds of shared ethnicity or historical ties.
Irredentism
This theory explains that land values are highest near the city center because competing users offer prices and prices decline as distance increases.
What is bid rent theory?
A fancy way to say DOWNTOWN on the urban map
CBD - Central Business District
These designated areas offer businesses favorable regulatory and tax conditions to attract foreign investment, boost production, and increase exports.
What are special economic zones? (SEZ)
This term refers to the phenomenon where population growth continues despite reduced fertility rates, due to a lot of the population being in their childbearing years.
What is population momentum?
The spread of Christianity through missionary efforts and conversion efforts is an example of this type of diffusion.
What is relocation diffusion?
This type of boundary was drawn after a cultural landscape has developed so that the border conforms to human patterns, this term describes them.
What are subsequent boundaries?
This term describes the complex network that links production, processing, transportation, and retail across international borders to deliver products to consumers.
What is a global supply chain?
The region on the outskirts of a large city, where we'd find sprawling shopping centers, streets of low density housing, and crowded schools
the SUBURBS
Emerging after the era of mass production, this type of economic organization emphasizes flexibility, niche markets, and decentralized production methods.
What is post-fordism?
This term describes the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas, followed by a return migration to rural areas due to dissatisfaction with urban life.
What is counterurbanization?
This branch of the Islamic faith represents the Persian (Iranian) variation; believes in the infallibility and divine right of authority.
This term describes an independent, self-governing urban center that exercises sovereignty over both the city and its surrounding territory.
What is a city state?
This system involves local consumers investing in a farm before the growing season, receiving a share of the harvest in return for their support.
What is community supported agriculture? (CSA)
this pattern says that Biggest city in a region will be TWICE as large as the next biggest, and then 4x the next, and so on
RANK-SIZE RULE
The difference between GDP, GNI, and GNP.
GDP captures the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders, GNP sums the production attributable to the nation's residents regardless of location, and the GNI adjusts for net income inflows from abroad