Vocab: part I
Examples: I
Random
Vocab: part II
Examples: II
100
What is a word-usage boundary called?
a) isoglo
b)isogloss
c) isolated place
b) isogloss
100
Describe the effects of isogloss on dialects by using this (pay attention to the key)
Different dialects can cause confusion. For example, if someone from the Southeast asked for a coke in another dialect region, they would most likely be given Coca Cola, and not be given a choice for a soft drink.
100
Define standard language. Why do some languages have a standard dialect?
What is Britain's standard language?
Standard language is the form of that language that is used for official government business, education, and mass communication. Some countries do so in order for confusion to be avoided and so there is a standard grammar worldwide.
British Received Pronunciation (BRP)
100
Define Vulgar Latin. How was it used?
definition: a form of Latin used in daily conversations by ancient Romans as opposed to the standard dialect which was used for standard documents
Example answer: It was used in daily conversations between people, but it was not accepted by the government.
100
What are the two largest language families? What are their major language groups (one of each)?
Indo-European (largest) and Sino-Tibetan (second largest)
English and Chinese (Mandarin)
200
Define creole in your own words
Sample (make it somewhat close to this):
Creole is a language that is created when the language of the conqueror (dominant language) is simplified and mixed with the indigenous language. They are evolve from a pidgin language.
200
What happens when someone moves to the East coast and cultural assimilation occurs? What happens to their behavior, culture, dialect?
Give an example.
The map below shows different dialects throughout the world, they are represented through colors.
Their language becomes similar to the regions'. This includes their dialect, behavior, culture and dialect.
One example is Millie Bobby Brown, who is losing her British accent (dialect) and becoming more and more similar to an American.
200
How do taboos affect food preferences? Are they a part of folk or pop culture?
Taboos affect what people eat and don't eat, and they often have different reasons for doing so. One of them is avoiding animals and plants that are perceived as negative.
They are a part of folk culture.
200
Define acculturation and assimilation by describing their differences and similarities.
Example answer: Assimilation is the process by which one's culture comes to resemble those of another group (think similar). Acculturation is the adoption of surrounding culture and behavioral patterns. Both are a way of becoming more similar to another's culture, and they both occur when someone migrates to somewhere where the culture is different from their own.
200
Explain why English is part of the West Germanic language branch. You can use the image to help you
(does not have to be exact wording): English was formed primarily through the Angles and the Saxons, who came from West Germany, hence the placement.
300
Which of the following the definition of a language branch?
a) a collection of languages related through a common ancestor, they derive from a language family, and are usually only 1,000s of years old.
c) a collection of languages related through a common ancestor, they derive from a language group, and are usually only 1,000s of years old.
d) a collection of languages that share a common origin relatively in the recent past, and have a few differences in grammar and vocabulary.
The correct answer is a because language branches are a subgroup of language families, and they are not as old as language families, but older than language groups.
300
Using this diagram, explain creole in this region and its history.
The French occupied Louisiana until the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. When the U.S. bought Louisiana, they instituted English as the official language, and a creole was formed.
300
Define terrior and give an example
The contribution of a location's distinctive physical features to the way food tastes.
and example is wine
300
What is an ideogram and what language uses it (and what branch is it from)?
Example answer: An ideogram is a written character that symbolizes an idea or concept (not pronunciation). Chinese (Mandarin) uses ideograms, and that language is from the Sino-Tibetan language family.
300
How can pidgin languages be used in India? Why?
Example answer: There are many languages spoken in India, so using a pidgin language to communicate between language zones are important for commerce and personal reasons.
400
Define a language family. How old are they?
Language families are a collection of languages that are related to each other and pre-date history. They are ancestral.
400
Use the following map to describe what happens when a Latino moves to the US and uses acculturation. Give an example of what that might look like.
They will fully adopt the culture and behavioral patterns around them.
Example answer: That might look like stopping to speak Spanish as frequently and take on English (sometimes full-time), celebrating American holidays, and stopping Latino customs and instead adopt American ones.
Another example answer: losing your accent over time if one is from, for example, Britain.
400
How are language groups different from dialects? What do different dialects have different? What do they have the same?
example (doesn't have to be exactly this): Different language groups have different grammar and vocabulary; different dialects have different spelling, pronunciation and vocabulary. Different dialects have the same alphabet.
400
What does lingua franca mean? Give an example.
a language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different
Example answer: English is used world-wide to connect people (most common lingua franca)
400
How is English a lingua franca?
Example answer: English is a lingua franca because it is distributed world wide, and it can be used as a communication tool for tourists and natives in a country, which can create placelessness and diminish local diversity.
500
Define a language group and give two examples of them (from different language families)
definition: a collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin relatively in the recent past, and have a few differences in grammar and vocabulary.
some examples: Mandarin, English, Swahili, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French, Russian, etc.
500
How are ideograms used in everyday life? (think signs) How do they eliminate confusion?
Ideograms, such as no smoking, can be recognized world wide (eliminating confusion of having to read another language) and they are used to get an idea or concept across.
They are mostly spoken by the Chinese and Japanese.
500
Describe the effects of dialects throughout the world. Explain why countries speak the languages they do. Why is Japanese not part of any family?
Example answer: Dialects can create local diversity, but they can cause confusion since dialects are regional. Countries speak the language they do due to isolation, past conquerors and physical features.
Japanese is not part of any language family because it was developed throughout history isolated with no conquerors from other parts of the world and little interaction.
500
What does pidgin language mean? Compare it to creole language.
Example answer: a form of speech that adopt a simplified grammar and vocabulary of a lingua franca that is used for communications among speakers of two different languages.
Example answer: English
Example answer: Pidgin language is a simplified version of the langage, while creole is a mixture of the native and conquering language (pidgin languages can evolve to creole).
500
What role did Vulgar Latin play for the Romantic Languages (branch)?
Example answer: The Romance branch emerged from Vulgar Latin, a language spoken by the Romans (ergo the name), and ethnic groups spread out forming different languages. Another reason why they are different is because the dialect of Vulgar Latin that the Roman soldiers spoke was a bit different every time.