State Shapes
This shape, like Poland or Romania, makes for easier communication and defense.
What is compact?
This model, created by Burgess, views cities as rings expanding outward from the CBD.
What is the Concentric Zone Model?
A country with a central government that holds most of the power, such as France.
What is a unitary state?
In this DTM stage, population growth slows due to falling birth rates, not death rates.
What is Stage 3?
This Southeast Asian city exemplifies a primate city, holding disproportionate political, economic, and cultural influence.
Chile stretches along the coast for thousands of miles.
What is elongated?
Hoyt proposed this model, which organizes urban land use in wedges based on transportation routes.
What is the Sector Model?
A boundary that no longer functions but can still be seen in the cultural landscape, like the Berlin Wall.
What is a relic boundary?
In the ETM, this stage is marked by improved sanitation and nutrition, leading to fewer pandemics.
What is Stage 2?
Informal settlements like Kibera in this African capital demonstrate rapid urban growth outpacing infrastructure.
What is Nairobi, Kenya?
Thailand has a central core with a long tail.
What is prorupted?
This model features multiple business districts, acknowledging that cities have more than one functional core.
What is the Multiple Nuclei Model?
The process of redrawing legislative boundaries to favor one political party.
What is gerrymandering?
This stage of the ETM includes degenerative diseases like heart disease and cancer becoming leading causes of death.
What is Stage 3?
This U.S. city reflects the Multiple-Nuclei Model, with edge cities forming along highways and multiple decentralized nodes.
What is Los Angeles?
South Africa surrounds this landlocked country.
What is perforated?
This model describes post-industrial American suburbs with clusters of shopping, jobs, and entertainment but little residential space.
What is the Galactic (or Peripheral) Model?
A region caught between stronger, conflicting states, often used as a buffer.
What is a shatterbelt?
This type of disease reemerges in Stage 5 of the ETM due to globalization, antibiotic resistance, and poverty.
What are infectious diseases?
Once a symbol of industrial might, this Midwestern U.S. city has seen neighborhoods gentrified as it transitions to a service economy.
What is Detroit, Michigan?
Indonesia’s islands are scattered across the ocean.
What is fragmented?
Featuring a spine of elite housing and commercial activity, this model includes a disamenity zone where services and infrastructure are scarce.
What is the Latin American City Model?
The effort by an ethnic group to break away from a state and form their own independent country.
What is separatism?
This stage of the Epidemiologic Transition Model includes the rise of obesity, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s, and reflects changes in lifestyle more than infectious threats.
What is Stage 4 (Delayed Degenerative Diseases)?
In this Middle Eastern city, urban design reflects Islamic cultural values like inward-facing courtyards and gender-segregated spaces.
What is Riyadh, Saudi Arabia?