Agricultural Hearths
What is the first agricultural hearth?
Fertile crescent
Which type of agriculture is associated with selling crops for profit?
Commercial Agriculture
Which other revolution is cited as the cause of the second agricultural revolution?
Industrial Revolution
What is a food desert?
areas where residents lack access to healthy, nutritious food because there are no close grocery stores
How does slash and burn contribute negatively to the environment?
Deforestation and soil erosion
Which hearth is associated with harvesting coffee crop?
East and West Africa Hearth
What is the purpose of burning the fields in slash and burn agriculture?
The ash enriches the soil making it better for growing crops
Which agricultural revolution is the shift from foraging to domestication?
First agricultural revolution
What is aquaculture and how is it used to benefit the population?
type of fish farming that provides large and consistent amounts of seafood, helps the global food supply
Why is terrace farming beneficial?
makes mountainous land arable, especially helpful for water intensive crops to prevent runoff
What crop is the Indus River Valley hearth known for?
Cotton
What crops are produced through the mediterranean agricultural practice?
Olives, grapes, sheep
How is the enclosure movement related to the second agricultural revolution?
laws by British government pushed peasant farmers off their land, beginning of commercial agriculture and urbanization
What is precision agriculture?
variety of technologies used to apply inputs with accuracy to specific parts of field to maximize yields
What is soil salinization?
water-soluble salts build up in the soil, if water evaporates from the ground quicker than it is replenished this occurs and results in lower yields
What is the Columbian Exchange?
Exchange of goods, ideas and disease between North America, Africa and Europe initiated by Columbus's voyage to America
Which type of agricultural is associated with colonialism?
Plantation agriculture
What crop was Norman Borlaug modifying during the Green Revolution and where was he working?
Wheat in Mexico
Why do people prefer organic food now?
natural fertilizers promote soil health and prevent runoff, more sustainable and healthy, also more expensive
Why are wetlands necessary?
In the Columbian Exchange, what goods were coming to America and what was going out (need 2 for each)
In: wheat, rice, sheep, fruits, cattle
Out: corn, potatoes, tomatoes, squash
Where is Nomadic Pastoralism practiced?
Russia, Saudi Arabia (drylands)
Name 2 negative environmental impacts of the green revolution
1. pesticides polluted water
2. air pollution from machinery
3. loss of biodiversity
4. soil erosion from double cropping
Which country is the leader in biotechnology with agriculture?
Brazil
Which negative consequence is associated with pastoral nomadism?
desertification, soil degradation to a desert-like condition due to overgrazing