Urban Models & Theories
Model that illustrates the hierarchical spatial patterns/order of cities and settlements; based on economic functions/consumer behavior
What is Central Place Theory?
Metropolitan areas with populations of more than 10 million people.
What is a megacity?
Housing discrimination maintained by banks - starting in the 1930s, refusal to grant home loans in certain areas because of the ethnic or racial composition.
What is redlining?
Planned urban development that includes multiple uses such as retail, residential, educational, recreational and businesses
What is mixed-use development/zoning?
Transportation systems, power stations & lines , wifi, and sewage systems are examples of:
What is infrastructure?
In this urban model, cities develop around multiple focal points and build outwards to create a functional region.
What is Multiple Nuclei Model?
One particular city is extremely large in terms of population size AND economic, cultural and political influence.
What is a primate city?
Housing discrimination maintained by real estate industry - white families were encouraged to rapidly sell when African-American families moved into neighborhoods.
What is blockbusting?
An area of green space such as a park, agricultural land, or forest around an urban area intended to limit urban sprawl.
What is greenbelt?
Large cities that exert global economic, cultural, and political influence and make up a network of economic, social, and information flows.
What are world cities?
This urban model is characteristized by a port zone, which was the center of commerce in colonial times.
What is Southeast Asian City Model?
Model that illustrates the relationship between population distribution in cities that are interconnected in the urban hierarchy. Typically indicates somewhat even development.
What is rank-size rule?
Residential areas that are situated on undesirable/ abandoned land that are built with found materials and not connected to city services. Also referred to as slums, favelas, barrios, etc.
What are squatter settlements?
the process of building on vacant or underutilized parcels of land within existing, developed urban areas, rather than expanding outward.
Infill Development
Climate, landforms, availability of water, soil fertility, and other physical factors are examples of ________ factors.
What is site?
Predicts the spatial interaction such as migration, commuting, or trade between two places based on their population size and distance.
What is Gravity Model?
refers to the process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, economies, cultures, and populations through trade, communication, and technology
Globalization
an area within a city that lacks public services, quality infrastructure, and has a higher concentration of crime, poverty, and sometimes squater settlements
Disamenity Zone
Large, abandoned industrial sites in central cities and suburbs, due to the shift from manufacturing to service-based economies.Typically unsafe and polluted.
What is brownfield?
The separation of groups (racial, ethnic, or socioeconomic) resulting from social, economic, or cultural factors such as housing patterns, income disparities, or personal choices.
De facto Segregation
Most modern urban model; developed in the 1980s. Focuses on the decentralization and suburbanization of urban environments; includes edge cities
What is Galactic City Model?
the # of people required to support businesses
Threshold
The process by which higher income residents or professional developers buy buildings in abandoned, blighted and/or industrial areas for a low cost and renovate, restore or rebuild the property.
What is gentrification?
Utilization of mixed-use zoning policies in order to increase the use of already existing urban structures, create walkable and liveable cities while maintaining a sense of place and increasing residential housing density:
What is smart growth OR new urbanism?
Community located on the outskirts of a larger city with commercial centers, office space, retail complexes, and amenities typically found in an urban center.
What is edge city?