Boundaries
This type of boundary is no longer a border but still leaves a visible mark on the landscape, or a cultural impact.
What is a Relic Boundary?
These are people who are forced to leave their home country due to conflict, persecution, or natural disasters and seek safety elsewhere.
What are refugees?
In this government system, most or all power is held by a central authority, with local governments having little independent control.
What is a Unitary State?
This type of diffusion occurs when people move from one place to another, bringing their ideas, culture, or innovations with them.
What is relocation diffusion?
This term describes characteristics, traditions, language, or heritage shared by a group of people with a common ancestry.
What is ethnic identity?
This type of boundary is based on natural features like mountains, rivers, or deserts that separate two areas.
What is a Physical Boundary.
This term describes the act of moving into a new country or region to live permanently.
What is immigration?
In this type of government system, power is divided between a national authority and smaller regional governments like states.
What is a federal state?
This type of diffusion spreads a cultural trait outward from its origin, growing in influence while staying strong at its source.
What is expansion diffusion?
This term describes unfair or unequal treatment of people based on characteristics such as race, ethnicity, religion, or gender.
What is discrimination?
This type of boundary is drawn to match existing cultural or ethnic divisions, such as separating groups by language or religion.
What is a Consequent Boundary?
This term describes the act of leaving one’s country or region to live permanently elsewhere.
What is emigration?
This term describes drawing voting district lines in a way that gives one political party an unfair advantage.
What is gerrymandering?
This type of diffusion spreads rapidly and widely from person to person, much like a viral trend or disease.
What is Contagious diffusion.
This term describes the forced removal or mass killing of members of an ethnic or religious group to eliminate them from a region.
What is ethnic cleansing?
This type of boundary was established before a region was heavily populated, often drawn long before cultural or ethnic groups settled there.
What is an antecedent boundary?
This type of migration occurs when people have no choice but to leave their home, often due to war, persecution, or natural disasters.
What is forced migration?
This gerrymandering tactic breaks up a group of voters across many districts so their voting power is diluted.
What is Cracking?
This type of diffusion spreads ideas or innovations from larger or more influential places or people to smaller or less influential ones.
What is hierarchical diffusion?
This term describes a neighborhood where a particular ethnic group lives in high concentration, often maintaining their cultural traditions and businesses.
What is an ethnic neighborhood?
This boundary is imposed by an outside power, often ignoring existing cultural or ethnic divisions in the region.
What is a superimposed boundary?
This concept describes the reasons people move, including factors that push them away from their home and factors that pull them toward a new location.
What are push and pull factors?
This gerrymandering strategy concentrates a group of voters into a single district to reduce their influence in surrounding districts.
What is Packing?
This type of diffusion occurs when a cultural trait spreads from smaller or less influential places to larger or more influential ones.
What is reverse hierarchical diffusion?
This term describes the belief that one’s own ethnic group or culture is superior to others, often leading to prejudice or discrimination.
What is ethnocentrism?