Unit 1
The absolute and relative distance and direction, clustering, dispersal and elevation information found on a map.
What is spatial patterns.
The pattern of where the people live.
What is population distribution?
A particular group's material characteristics, behavioral patterns, beliefs, social norms, and attitudes are shared and transmitted.
What is culture?
A country whose political boundaries correspond with its cultural boundaries.
What is a nation state?
The composite or generally prevailing weather conditions of a region, as temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds, throughout the year, averaged over a series of years.
What is climate?
The process by which people live and are employed in a city.
What is urbanization?
The process by which economic activities on the earth's surface evolved from producing basic, primary goods to using factories for mass-producing goods for consumption.
What is industrialization?
Any pieces of information that can be displayed using numbers, such as population or distances.
What is quantitative data?
The measurement of the total number of people and divided between the total amount of farmable land.
What is physiological population density?
A homogenizing impact on local culture and economics caused by increased interaction between geographically distinct regions.
What is globalization?
An area of a country that has degree of autonomy , or has freedom from an external authority.
What is an autonomous region?
A system of crop cultivation using small amounts of labour and capital in relation to area of land being farmed.
What is extensive agriculture?
Development of new housing sites at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the existing built-up area.
What is sprawl?
The sector of the modern economy that focuses on the production of raw materials or natural resource extraction
What is the primary sector?
Information that describes objects, events or other features with a location on or near Earth.
What is geospatial data?
An estimate of the average number of children born to each female in her childbearing years.
What is total fertility rate?
Attributes of an area often used to describe a place (e.g., buildings, theaters, places of worship).
What is cultural landscape?
The practice of a country extending its power and influence over other countries, typically through the use of military force, economic coercion, or cultural domination.
What is imperialism?
A farmer will grow most everything that the family would consume, and anything leftover will go to the local community rather than to a big market.
What is subsistence agriculture?
An urban area with a large suburban residential and business area surrounding it. These areas are tied together by a beltway.
What is an edge city?
The industry based on human knowledge which involves technology, information, financial planning, research, and development.
What is the quaternary setor?
Position on Earth's surface using the coordinate system of longitude (that runs from North to South Pole) and latitude (that runs parallel to the equator)
What is absolute location?
A measurement of how many babies, per thousand births, die before their first birthday
What is infant mortality rate?
The loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscape so that one place looks like the next.
What is placelessness?
The movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state.
What is devolution?
A type of agriculture that involves clearing a small area of land, planting crops for a few years, and then moving on to a new plot of land when the soil fertility declines.
What is shifting cultivation?
Urban areas with over 20 million people and are ranked by population size.
What is a metacity?
A theory that suggests that all major corporations make their decisions about where to house their production and manufacturing facilities based on the least possible combination of costs, so as to derive the greatest possible profit.
What is the least cost theory?
Approximate measurement of the physical space between two places
A tool used to categorize a countries' population growth rates and economic structures. The model analyzes birth rates, death rates, and total population trends in a society at a given point of time.
What is the demographic transition model?
A design choice that tries to design buildings that are visually pleasing to human beings and provide modern humans with a link to their past.
What is postmodern architecture?
The concept of territory, which refers to a defined area of land or water that is claimed by a group or individual as their own and is protected from external interference.
What is territoriality?
Most farmland was along rivers and the system created long rectangular plots of farmland to give equal access to the river.
What is the French long lot system?
An urban center that is a major player in the global economy and is connected to a network of other global cities through economic, cultural, and political linkages.
What is a world city?
The world's less-developed countries.
What is periphery?
The process of taking pictures of the Earth's surface from satellites (or, earlier, airplanes) to provide a greater understanding of the Earth's geography over large distances.
What is remote sensing?
A theory suggesting that the world's population was growing faster than the rate of food production, and as a result, mass starvation would occur.
What is Malthusian theory?
Identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth.
What is ethnicity?
A boundary established after the settlement of a region.
What is a subsequent boundary?
The "birthplace" of a crop, or where a crop is known to have originated before its spread throughout the world.
What is an agricultural hearth?
A city that functions as by far the largest city in the country it inhabits. It may have a population between a third and a half of that of the whole country.
What is a primate city?
A measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income distribution of a nation's residents, and is the most commonly used measure of inequality.
What is the Gini coefficient?
A computer system for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on Earth's surface.
What is geographic information systems?
Something that encourages an individual to migrate away from a certain place. Natural disasters, political revolutions, civil war, and economic stagnation are all reasons why people might want to migrate away from a certain area.
What is a push factor?
An attitude that unifies people and enhances support for a state.
What is centripetal force?
A boundary created by using lines of latitude and longitude and their associated arcs.
A massive exchange of crops, animals, people, diseases, goods, and ideas between the Old World (Africa, Asia, and Europe) and the New World (the Americas), which greatly altered people's lives on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
The physical systems, facilities, and services that support the daily lives of people and businesses in an urban area.
What is infrastructure?
The allowance for goods from foreign countries to be imported without a tariff, that is, without being taxed for the sake of being foreign goods.
What is free trade?
The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation system
What is time space compression?
An environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration.
What is an intervening obstacle?
The feeling that one's own ethnic group is superior.
What is ethnocentrism?
A boundary that is identified by physical objects, like walls, signs, and fences.
What is a demarcated boundary?
A theory states that land/real estate/rental costs are higher in and around a city's central business district due to demand.
What is the bid rent theory?
A designated area of land around a city or urban area that is protected from development in order to preserve open space, reduce urban sprawl, and promote sustainable land use.
What is a greenbelt?
Economic policies that promote free market principles, such as deregulation, liberalization, and privatization.
What is neoliberalism?
The theory that states that as the distance between two places increases, the interaction between those two places decreases.
What is distance decay?
A person fleeing persecution or conflict, and therefore seeking international protection under the 1951 Refugee Convention on the Status of Refugees
What is asylum? or seeking asylum?
A language that combines simple words from multiple languages so that people who need to understand one another, in order to conduct trade and facilitate business, are able to communicate with one another.
What is a lingua franca?
A geographic region comprised of: culturally-diverse weak states with intra-group animosities; geostrategic importance due to vital resources and transportation corridors; diplomatic and military presence of global rivals.
What is a shatterbelt?
The deliberate cultivation of only one single crop in a large land area.
What is monoculture?
A discriminatory practice in which financial institutions and other organizations deny or limit financial services, insurance, or other resources to residents of certain areas.
What is redlining?
The process of moving industrial production or service industries to external facilities or organizations often out of the country.
What is outsourcing?
A philosophy of geography that stated that human behaviors are a direct result of the surrounding environment.
What is environmental determinism?
A seasonal movement of livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures.
What is transhumance?
The blending of cultures and ideas from different places.
What is syncretism?
the process of nation states organizing politically and economically into one organization or alliance where three or more countries form an alliance for cultural, economic, or military reasons.
What is supranationalism?
The process by which previously fertile lands become arid and unusable for farming.
What is desertification?
An underutilised or abandoned area with the "potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant."
What is a brownfield?
A type of tourism that focuses on experiencing natural areas while minimizing the negative impact on the environment.
What is ecotourism?