Endocrine
This is a cell signaling factor that travels through the blood and can signal to target cells in multiple organs simultaneously.
What is a hormone?
This is the structure that delivers the ovulated egg to the uterus.
What are the uterine tubes (or fallopian tubes)?
These are the small tubules where spermatogenesis occurs.
What are the seminiferous tubules?
This chamber of the heart has the thickest walls.
What is the left ventricle?
This type of valve closes when ventricular systole occurs.
What are AV (atrioventricular) valves?
This is a hormone that is released by the posterior pituitary in response to high blood osmolarity/dehydration.
What is ADH?
This is the thickest layer of the uterine wall.
What is the myometrium?
This muscle contracts to elevate the testes.
What is the cremaster muscle?
This is the main pacemaker of the heart.
What is the SA (sinoatrial) node?
What is cardiac output?
These are hormones released by the medulla of the adrenal gland.
What are catecholamines? (or what are epinephrine and norepinephrine?)
This structure releases large amount of progesterone during the luteal phase.
What is the corpus luteum?
After leaving the seminiferous tubules, sperm mature and gain motility in this coiled structure before entering the vas deferens.
What is the epididymus?
On an EKG, this wave represents atrial depolarization, while this complex represents ventricular depolarization.
What are the p-wave and QRS complex?
A bedridden patient struggles to return blood from their legs to the heart because, without active movement, neither of these two venous mechanisms (one structural, one muscular) can effectively push blood upward against gravity.
What are venous valves and skeletal muscle contraction?
In the post-absorptive phase, alpha cells of the pancreas release this hormone to stimulate glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver.
What is glucagon?
A spike in this hormone triggers ovulation.
What is LH?
These cells secrete testosterone in the testes.
What are Leydig cells/interstitial endocrine cells?
A patient receives IV fluids, increasing venous return. The resulting increase in ventricular filling and wall stretch before contraction is described by this term.
What is preload?
If the diameter of an arteriole decreases due to vasoconstriction, resistance increases, blood flow to the downstream tissue decreases, and this happens to blood pressure upstream
What is increased blood pressure?
Triggered by angiotensin II, this adrenal cortex hormone targets the distal nephron to increase sodium reabsorption, raising blood pressure and blood volume.
What is aldosterone?
This phase of the uterine cycle aligns with the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle.
What is the secratory phase?
This hormone stimulates the activity of Sertoli/Nurse cells.
What is FSH?
This is a phase of the cardiac cycle where all valves are closed and pressure inside the ventricle is building.
What is the isovolumetric contraction phase?
When the kidneys detect low blood pressure and release renin, the resulting angiotensin II triggers this direct effect on blood vessels increase MAP.
What is vasoconstriction?