Respiratory
This is the volume that you breathe in and out at rest.
What is tidal volume?
This is a measurement of how much blood is filtered by the glomerulus.
What is GFR (glomerular filtration rate)?
This is the shortest segment of the small intestine.
What is the duodenum?
This is where the citric acid cycle takes place.
What is the mitochondrial matrix?
This structure is shared by the digestive and respiratory system.
What is the pharynx?
Food or water touching any part of this structure will trigger a coughing episode to help expel the food/liquid.
What is the larynx?
Glucose is reabsorbed in this segment of the nephron.
What is the proximal convoluted tubule?
These are the two digestive enzymes produced in the mouth.
What are lingual lipase and salivary amylase?
This molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
What is oxygen?
This structure is shared by the male reproductive and urinary systems.
What is the urethra?
The contraction of this muscle is responsible for most of the lung volume increase that causes inhalation.
What is the diaphragm?
This type of tissue lines the bladder and allows for a lot of expansion.
What is transitional epithelium?
This is the hard substance that covers the crown of a tooth.
What is enamel?
Fermentation in human cells creates this byproduct.
What is lactic acid? (or lactate)
This is a process that occurs in parietal cells and red blood cells. It allows the cells to export bicarbonate ions.
What is the chloride shift?
An increase in this metabolic byproduct of RBCs causes the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve to shift to the right.
What is BPG?
Carbon dioxide and water react with carbonic anhydrase to generate this acid, which is part of a major buffer system in the blood.
What is carbonic acid?
If this sphincter does not stay properly closed, a person could experience heartburn or acid reflux.
What is the lower esophageal sphincter?
During the post-absorptive state, this process occurs to release glucose into the bloodstream.
What is glycogenolysis?
Both glucose and glycerol (from triglycerides) are converted to this molecule to feed into later stages of cellular respiration.
What is pyruvate?
This state could be caused by hyperventilation.
What is respiratory alkalosis?
This segment of the nephron loop is permeable to water but not ions.
What is the descending thin limb?
These are the cells in the liver that engulf and breakdown old RBCs.
What are stellate macrophages?
At the end of the citric acid cycle, this coenzyme carries the majority of energy that has been captured from the breakdown of glucose.
What is NADH?
This is the most abundant organic waste excreted in the urine. It is produced from a byproduct of amino acid metabolism.
What is urea?