Organ System Physiology
This "stem cell" line gives rise to all types of blood cells, except lymphocytes.
What are the Myeloid Stem Cells? (Myeloid line)
This cartilage of the larynx has a anterior prominence in it that we see as an "Adam's Apple".
What is the thyroid cartilage?
These molecules are made by plasma cells in our body and recognize other very specific molecules.
What are antibodies?
These tubes within our bronchial tree supply each lobe of the lungs.
What are secondary bronchi?
These leukocytes are the only ones that normally leave the blood vessels and can act as macrophages, doing surveillance in the tissues.
What are monocytes?
These type of immune cells are produced by the process of Clonal Selection and Proliferation and although they do not secrete antibodies or kill infected cells, they are important in our long-term immunity.
What are memory cells (T- or B- lymphocytes)
These alveolar cells are the most numerous and are involved in gas exchange.
What are Type I alveolar cells?
These structures are encapsulated and found along lymphatic vessels and function to filter foreign substances from the blood to destroy them with T cells and macrophages.
What are lymph nodes?
Hemoglobin has a very high affinity for this molecule and if it is present in the environment will pick it up and hold onto it faster and longer than it does oxygen.
What is Carbon Monoxide?
This is the first stage of hemostasis.
What are vascular spasms?
This enzyme is found in erythrocytes and can convert Carbon dioxide and water to Carbonic Acid and then to bicarbonate. It can also do the reverse reaction to convert bicarbonate to Carbonic Acid and then to Carbon Dioxide and water.
What is Carbonic Anydrase?
These MALT are found in the mouth on either side of the oral cavity and superior to the laryngopharynx.
What are palatine tonsils?
This process uses molecules secreted by damaged tissues to draw phagocytic cells (such as macrophages and neutrophils) to a site of pathogen entry.
What is chemotaxis?
This lung capacity is defined as the volume of air moved in a normal breath.
What is tidal volume?
This blood disease is caused by decreased iron availability for hemoglobin production.
What is "iron-deficiency" anemia?
These molecules are secreted from virus-infected cells and can inhibit viral replication. They have been used by humans to synthesize antivirals.
What are interferons?
This type of cell gives rise to platelets by breaking of pieces.
What are megakaryocytes?
This type of lymphocyte recognizes antigen fragments presented to them from MHC-II molecules in the membranes of phagocytic cells and then releases cytokines to stimulate other immune cells.
This tissue lines the inside of the trachea and is built to function as a filter of particles from the inhaled air.
What is pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue with cilia and goblet cells.
This coagulation pathway occurs quickly because tissue factors leak into damaged vessels from outside cells.
What is the Extrinsic Pathway?
These chemoreceptors found in the medulla oblongata sense increases in Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen ions in the Cerebral Spinal Fluid.
What are Central chemoreceptors?
These lymphatic vessels are blind-end tubes that extend into the villi of the small intestine and help with the uptake of dietary fats.
What are lacteals?
This type of immunoglobin is the only antibody that can cross the placenta from the mom to the fetus.
What is IgG?
This gas law states that the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure and the solubility of the gas.
What is Henry's Law?
A person with type A+ blood has these antibodies and antigens.
What are A and Rh antigens and B antibodies?