Digestion
Name one place you can find MALT in the digestive tract.
Submucosa OR
Lamina Propia
NAD+ is the ___ form of NAD?
oxidized
The fibrous capsule of the kidney protects it from what?
Trauma and infection
When a cell is at risk of lysing or bursting, what is it's tonicity?
it is hypotonic
what electrolyte is found intracellularly?
K+/potassium
The Meissner Plexus controls the movement of gland secretions, what is controlled by the Auerbach Plexus?
movement of food through the alimentary canal (peristalsis)
In what state does digestion, absorption, and storage take place?
postabsorptive
Where does urine exit the kidney after it leaves the collecting duct?
minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, and ureters
How does the human body receive the majority of its water intake?
Via the digestive tract (eating and drinking)
What is the buffer used in the body to neutralize fluids?
bicarbonate/HCO3-
If a newborn or puppy are born with a cleft or deformed palate, how does this affect digestion?
they will have issues with swallowing, drinking, suckling, etc.
what are the 4 steps of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, pyruvate transformation, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
Peristalsis
In Fluid Sequestration, where does excess fluid accumulate?
in one particular area
In acidosis, what ion would be retained?
bicarbonate
What are the folds in the stomach that allow expansion?
Rugae
During lipolysis, excessive oxidation of fats can cause an excess of ketones in the blood. What condition is this referring to?
Ketosis
Why does secretion happen in the Distal Tubule of the nephron?
The distal tubule regulates solute level due to the ascending loop of henle having high permeability to solutes (toxins, drugs, etc.). Solutes are passed from the ascending loop to the distal tubule.
Where in the body is thirst regulated and through what two hormones?
the hypothalamus; ADH and Aldosterone
Hypoventilation with high levels of CO2 in the extracellular fluid and low pH are indicative of what acid-base condition?
Respiratory acidosis
The hormone ____ triggers _____ cells to produce ____ _____ during digestion once foods enter the stomach.
Gastrin, Parietal, Hydrochloric Acid
A person with Atherosclerosis typically has a build up of cholesterol and fats plaqued on the blood vessels. What cholesterol type or lipoproteins does this describe?
LDL or "bad cholesterol"
In which part of the nephron does filtration occur?
**I will take glomerulus or head of the nephron
You evaluate a patient's blood test and observe an abnormal amount of natriuretic peptide hormone. What is occurring in the body to trigger its release?
increased blood pressure or increased blood flow
If you increase your intake of acids by eating lots of vinegar and citrus fruits, ultimately creating an acidic internal environment inside your body, what acid-base condition would you be prone to?
Metabolic Acidosis