Types of Cells
Cell derived from monocytes that engulfs pathogens and debris and secretes cytokines to signal to other immune cells
MACROPHAGES
Physical and chemical barriers preventing pathogen entry (ex: mucous, stomach acid, etc.)
FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE
Malignant overproduction of immature white blood cells; bone marrow overproduction disrupts normal hematopoiesis, causing anemia, infection risk, and bleeding
LEUKEMIA
A preparation medical intervention that safely introduces antigen to stimulate adaptive immunity and memory so future exposure produces a protective response.
VACCINES
Network of vessels that transport extra fluids and nutrients that are too large to be absorbed by blood vessels.
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Innate lymphocytes that detect and kill virus-infected or cancer cells using perforin/granzymes
NATURAL KILLER CELLS
Innate cellular responses like inflammation, phagocytosis, and interferons
SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE
Exaggerated innate responses to harmless antigens
ALLERGIES
The type of pathogen that causes COVID-19 is a __________ and the type of vaccine is __________.
VIRUS / mRNA*
*can be multiple types. We are sticking with this one type.
A plate-based assay detecting and quantifying antigens or antibodies using enzyme-linked detection and color change
ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
Type of white blood cell that differentiates into an antibody-secreting cell
B CELLS
The 3rd line of defense- or type of immunity responsible for responding to specific pathogens
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
Chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues, leading to inflammation and damage across various organs.
LUPUS
The type of pathogen that causes influenza is a __________ and the type of vaccine is __________.
VIRUS / INACTIVATED*
*Note: Can be multiple types- we are going to say just this one type.
A calibrated glass counting chamber used with a microscope to count cells in a measured volume to determine cell concentration of a solution
HEMOCYTOMETER
Cell that captures antigens in peripheral tissues, processes it, migrates to lymph nodes, and presents it to T cells, initiating adaptive responses
DENDRITIC CELLS / APCs
Type of specific immunity that protects the body by producing antibodies in response to specific pathogens
HUMORAL IMMUNITY
Malignant proliferation of lymphocytes in lymph nodes or tissues; disrupts normal immune function
LYMPHOMA
The type of pathogen that causes Hepatitis B is a __________ and the type of vaccine is __________.
VIRUS / RECOMBINANT (or subunit)
Molecule that causes blood vessels to dilate and increase in permeability to white blood cells.
HISTAMINE
MAST CELLS
Type of specific immunity responsible for the destruction/breakdown of infected or abnormal cells using cytotoxic T cells
CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY
Severe deficiency of functional T and B cells; patients have recurrent, severe infections and cannot mount adaptive responses.
SCID
The type of pathogen that causes Yellow Fever is a __________ and the type of vaccine is __________.
VIRUS / LIVE-ATTENUATED
The protein released by NK cells and cytotoxic T cells that induces apoptosis in infected cells
PERFORIN