General Anatomy
What four structures make up the integumentary system?
Skin, hair, nails, and associated glands.
The process cools the body as sweat changes from liquid to vapor
Evaporation.
Which hair pigment produces black or brown shades and red/blonde shades? (State which produces what color)
Eumelanin = Black/ Brown
Pheomelanin= Red/Blonde
Which epidermal cell type produces keratin?
Keratinocytes
During puberty, increased activity of what contributes to acne?
Sebaceous glands
What is the name of the outermost primary skin layer?
Epidermis
Name the five major functions of the integumentary system besides protection.
Temperature regulation, excretion, vitamin D synthesis, and sensation.
What is the hair bulb the base of?
The hair structure where hair production occurs
Which epidermal cell type produces melanin?
Melanocytes
The term for skin aging caused by cumulative UV exposure
What two layers form the cutaneous membrane?
Epidermis and dermis.
What do dermal blood vessels do to help release heat?
Vasodilation
Tthree layers of the hair shaft, from outermost inward.
Cuticle, cortex, medulla
Which glands secrete sebum to lubricate and protect skin and hair?
Sebaceous glands.
What does the “E” in the ABCDE criteria stand for when monitoring suspicious skin lesions?
Evolving
This is the largest organ, covering about 2 m² and roughly 15% of adult body weight
All of the Skin
Which type of ultraviolet radiation begins conversion of a skin precursor to vitamin D3?
UVB
The nail structure produces new nail cells
Nail matrix
Which dermal protein helps resist tearing and maintain skin integrity?
Collagen
Name three changes in older-adult skin that increases injury risk.
Reduced collagen/tensile strength, flatter dermo-epidermal junction, loss of subcutaneous fat, reduced sebum, or reduced sensory receptors.
What underlying tissue anchors the skin and provides insulation, energy storage, and cushioning?
Hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue).
Name the four kinds of information skin receptors can detect.
Touch, pressure, pain, or temperature
What are thin, concave, spoon-shaped nails called?
Koilonychia
Which sensory receptors detect intense pressure and vibration?
Sebaceous glands
The temporary protective substance covers an infant’s skin
Vernix caseosa