Theories of Intelligence
This psychologist proposed that we have one general intelligence (g) that underlies all mental abilities.
Who is Charles Spearman?
He developed the first modern intelligence test for French schoolrooms to identify children needing special attention.
Who is Alfred Binet?
This most widely used intelligence test today contains subtests like "Block Design" and "Similarities."
What is the WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale)?
This type of intelligence—our accumulated knowledge—tends to increase as we age.
What is Crystallized Intelligence?
A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.
What is Stereotype Threat?
Howard Gardner’s theory that intelligence is not one single ability, but rather eight independent mental "packages."
What is Multiple Intelligences?
Lewis Terman revised Binet’s work to create this famous American intelligence test.
What is the Stanford-Binet?
Defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with a pretested group.
What is Standardization?
This type of intelligence—our ability to reason abstractly—tends to decrease during late adulthood.
What is Fluid Intelligence?
This is the symmetrical, bell-shaped pattern that describes the distribution of many types of physical and psychological attributes, where most scores fall near the average.
What is a Normal Curve (or Normal Distribution)?
Robert Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory includes these three types of intelligence.
What are Analytical, Creative, and Practical?
This is the original formula used to calculate an Intelligence Quotient (IQ).
What is $MA/CA \times 100$? (Mental Age divided by Chronological Age)
A test has high "this" if it yields consistent results over time, such as in test-retest scenarios.
What is Reliability?
A group of people from a given time period who are studied and restudied over many years.
What is a Cohort?
On a modern intelligence test with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, this specific percentage of the population falls within two standard deviations of the mean.
What is 95%?
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions to navigate social situations.
What is Emotional Intelligence?
This Binet-defined concept represents the level of performance typically associated with a certain chronological year; for example, a 7-year-old who scores as well as the average 9-year-old is said to have a 9 for this.
What is Mental Age?
A test has high "this" if it actually measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure.
What is Validity?
In order to be diagnosed with THIS, one must have an IQ below 70 and have difficulty with daily life skills.
What is an intellectual disability?
Statistically, this gender tends to be better at detecting emotions and possesses higher verbal fluency.
Who are Females?
Often associated with the "Wildcat" grit, this is the ability to produce ideas that are both novel and valuable.
What is Creativity?
The phenomenon describing the worldwide increase in intelligence test scores throughout the 20th century.
What is the Flynn Effect?
This specific type of validity exists if a test successfully predicts the future performance of a person.
What is Predictive Validity?
An individual with an extreme intelligence in one particular area but who otherwise has an intellectual disability.
What is a savant?
In a distribution with a mean of 72 and a SD of 10, an individual scoring between 62 and 82 would fall within this percentage of the total population.
What is 68%?