Rhetorical Situation
This term refers to the writer (or speaker's) attitude toward their topic.
Tone
When a writer paints a picture (or recreates an auditory or tactile experience) with words.
Description / Imagery
A statement of the main idea of an argument that also previews the main points the writer intends to make
Closed thesis
The minimum number of sources you must integrate in an AP Lang synthesis essay
3
To examine the component parts of something in order to better understand the whole. From the Greek to "untie" or "loosen."
Analysis
Where you might place your thesis if you anticipate addressing a hostile audience.
You may offer a rationale/explanation if you would like.
Delayed thesis
When a writer recounts a series of related, specific events.
Narration
An acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable.
Concession
T/F - It counts to use a source in your introduction, to help set up your thesis statement
True
Aristotle defined this term -- which is foundational for this course -- as "an awareness of the available means of persuasion."
Rhetoric
The circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding the text.
Context
When a writer divides or organizes items, ideas, or information into types, kinds, or categories.
Classification
A denial of the validity of an opposing argument
Refutation
T/F - You cannot use evidence from your experience, observation, or reading in a synthesis essay. All evidence must come from the sources.
False - you may use evidence from your personal experience, observation, or reading, especially for the intro; however the more time you spend integrating this kind of evidence, the less time you have to integrate three sources.
Define "appeal to ethos" and give a specific example of one.
An appeal to ethos refers to a writer's attempt to build trust with an audience, often by establishing their credentials, expertise, or authority.
Esther Cepeda established her ethos by pointing to date early in their argument and continuing thorughout to the argument to construct an even-handed, pragmatic, rational persona.
Comes from the Greek word for “mask”; it means the face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience.
Persona
When a writer examines why something happened or what its consequences are or might be
Cause/Effect reasoning
If some people would disagree with a particular claim, then the claim is said to be _____________.
Arguable or Defensible
When one of the given sources refers to another source, what is the best way to construct your citation on the AP Lang Synthesis Essay?
Indirect citation - cite the embedded source in a signal phrase; cite the given source in parentheses
AP Lang Readers are trained to award the thesis point if the thesis is located __________. [name the location]
Readers are trained to award the thesis point for a defensible thesis anywhere in the essay, but typically in a timed essay the easiest spot to place it is at the end of the introductory paragraph, or possibly in the conclusion if your essay's structure builds up to the thesis statement as a culminating conclusion.
The stimulus for the text, or what inspires, provokes, or prompts the speaker to create the text
Exigence
When a writer describes how to do something, how a particular event occurs, or how something works
Process analysis
A word or phrase that tempers or modifies a claim, making it less absolute.
Qualifier
Must get both correct
1.) T/F- When you paraphrase from a source, you must still cite the source.
2.) T/F- It is generally better to cite sources in parentheses unless you deem it strategic to note the writer's credentials/ethos in a signal phrase.
3.) T/F- APA style is required when citing sources on the AP Lang Exam.
1.) True
2.) True - it is more efficient to use parentheses unless you have a good reason to use a signal phrase.
3.) False - you must use one of the two given shorthand methods for citing the sources described in the prompt. That shorthand may or may not correspond to APA style - USE IT ANYWAY!
Describe one type of introduction strategy you have learned in this class for an argument or synthesis essay.
Establish context for discussion
Set up your thesis with a counterargument approach
Conventional wisdom (many argue that...) as a lead-in to your thesis
Anecdotal lead (Narrative opening)
In a synthesis essay, use a source to establish that your thesis is arguable