AP Language Terms
Parallelism
What is sentence construction which places equal grammatical constructions near each other, or repeats identical grammatical patterns. (Parallel structure or balanced sentences) Parallelism is used to add emphasis, organization, or sometimes pacing to writing. “Cinderella swept the floor, dusted the mantle, and beat the rugs.”
This is needed to establish your line of reasoning. This must be an arguable inference.
What is a claim/thesis?
The author's use of the same word or phrase throughout a text to create emphasis.
What is repetition?
Exaggeration
What is hyperbole?
Formal or informal are ways to identify this.
What is tone?
Diction
What is word choice, particularly as an element of style?
Name and explain Aristotle's 3 appeals
Ethos (credibility) means being convinced by the credibility of the author. We tend to believe people whom we respect. In an appeal to ethos, a writer tries to convince the audience the he or she someone worth listening to, in other words an authority on the subject, as well as someone who is likable and worthy of respect. (Also see the fallacy of appeal to authority.) An argument that relies too heavily on ethos, without any corroborating logos, can become a fallacy. Pathos (emotional) means persuading by appealing to the reader's emotions. (Also see the fallacy of appeal to emotion). An argument that relies too much on emotion, without any corroborating logos, can become a fallacy. Logos (logical) means persuading by the use of reasoning, using true premises and valid arguments. This is generally considered the strongest form of persuasion.
The author's use of a variety of sentence structures.
What is syntax?
A seemingly contradictory statement that actually makes sense.
What is a paradox?
The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing.
What is rhetoric?
Colloquial
What is ordinary or familiar type of conversation? A “colloquialism” is a common or familiar type of saying, similar to an adage or an aphorism.
A mistaken belief based on an unsound argument.
What is a fallacy?
A brief passing reference to something historical.
What is an allusion?
A question asked in order to create a dramatic effect
What is a rhetorical question?
The relationship between the speaker, subject, and audience
What is the rhetorical situation?
Counterpoint definition and it's necessity in our writing.
What is acknowledging the opposite of your thesis to strengthen your own argument? Acknowledging the implications and limitations of your claim is essential to earning the sophistication point.
The expression of one's meaning by using language that usually signifies the opposite.
a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing.
What is a euphemism?
The literal or primary meaning of a word
What is denotation?
Juxtaposition
What is placing things side by side for the purposes of comparison? Authors often use juxtaposition of ideas or examples in order to make a point.(For example, an author my juxtapose the average day of a typical American with that of someone in the third world in order to make a point of social commentary).
Identify all of the parts of the rhetorical situation.
What are the speaker, the occasion, the audience, the purpose, the subject, and the tone.
Identify the rhetorical strategy being used here:
Sally sells seashells by the seashore.
What is alliteration?
Making an implied comparison, not using “like,” as,” or other such words. “My feet are popsicles.”
What is a metaphor?
A work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of life to a humorous effect. It targets human vices and follies, or social institutions and conventions. Typically humorous.
What is Satire?