Trade Routes & Cities
This Abbasid capital became a major center of commerce and learning.
Baghdad
The Byzantine emperor claimed both political and religious authority, a practice called this.
Caesaropapism
This ruling system in medieval Europe relied on land, lords, and vassals.
Feudalism
This new farming technology helped Europeans plow heavier soils.
Heavy Plow
This Venetian traveler visited Kublai Khan’s court and wrote about the Mongols.
Marco Polo
This East African city-state grew wealthy from Indian Ocean trade and is an example of urban growth.
Kilwa
In Song China, this syncretic philosophy blended Confucian ideas with Buddhist thought.
Neo-Confucianism
This powerful Incan ruler consolidated his empire using taxes, roads, and storehouses.
Pachacuti
This Chinese system helped distribute land fairly and prevent large estates.
The Equal-field system
This deadly disease spread across Eurasia via the Silk Roads in the 14th century.
Bubonic Plague
This powerful inland African kingdom grew rich from cattle, gold, and controlling trade routes to the coast.
Great Zimbabwe
This practice in Byzantine Christianity led to major controversy over images of saints.
Iconoclasm
This West African empire converted its rulers to Islam by the 10th century to improve trade ties.
Ghana
This Byzantine military innovation used as a naval weapon terrified enemies.
Greek Fire
This Muslim traveler documented his journeys across Africa, India, and the Islamic world.
Ibn Battuta
This Northern European trade network connected the Baltic and North Seas.
The Hanseatic League
The Christian church officially split into Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic in this year.
1054
This Turkic group seized Abbasid authority in the 11th century and paved the way for later Ottoman dominance.
Seljuq Turks
These Muslim and Chinese ships boosted interregional Indian Ocean trade.
Dhows and Junks
This system of paper money and credit notes developed in Tang/Song China.
Flying cash
This Mesoamerican city near the Mississippi was a major trade hub with large earthen mounds.
Cahokia
his African king made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca, displaying Mali’s wealth.
Manssa Musa
This alliance of three city-states created the foundation of the Aztec Empire.
Triple Alliance
:Muslim merchants adopted this Indian mathematical system, now called Arabic numerals.
Hindu-Arabic numerals
This transfer of knowledge preserved by Islamic scholars allowed Europeans to study Aristotle and Greek science again.
Greek texts (classical knowledge)