Enlightenment Thinkers
This thinker argued that people have natural rights including life, liberty, and property.
John Locke
This revolution was largely caused by colonial anger over taxation without representation.
American Revolution
This belief that people with a shared culture should form a nation helped unify Italy and Germany.
Nationalism
This country industrialized first due to its coal and iron resources.
Great Britain
This man helped to improve the steam engine, which helped accelerate early industrial mechanization.
James Watt
This new social class grew as a result of industrial capitalism and included business owners.
Bourgeoisie
This philosopher proposed the idea of separation of powers to prevent tyranny.
Montesquieu
This revolution became more radical and violent, leading to events like the Reign of Terror.
French Revolution
This 1688 event established a constitutional monarchy in England.
Glorious Revolution
These natural transportation routes were essential because they provided power and cheap transport.
Waterways
This process allowed for cheap and fast mass production of steel.
Bessemer Process
Members of this class often worked long hours in unsafe factory conditions.
Proletariat
This Enlightenment figure strongly supported free speech and religious tolerance.
Voltaire
This revolution was the only successful large-scale slave revolt in world history.
Haitian Revolution
Nationalist movements in this region sought independence from the Ottoman Empire.
Balkans
This system centralized production and increased division of labor.
Factory System
This type of engine led to the rise of automobiles and new transportation systems.
Internal Combustion Engine
This ideology, associated with Karl Marx, focused on class struggle between workers and owners.
Communism/Marxism
This thinker introduced the concept of popular sovereignty and the “general will.”
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
This document declared that political authority comes from the people, not the monarch.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
This Latin American leader envisioned a unified South America in his “Letter from Jamaica.”
Simon Bolivar
This event modernized Japan by adopting Western technology and industrial practices.
Meiji Restoration
This discovery by Michael Faraday made electric generators possible.
Electromagnetic Induction
This 1848 meeting marked the beginning of the women’s suffrage movement in the U.S.
Seneca Falls Convention
His ideas directly influenced the Declaration of Independence and justified revolution against unjust governments.
John Locke
This leader organized enslaved people to revolt and helped lead Haiti to independence.
Toussaint Louverture
This conflict in New Zealand was caused largely by Māori resistance to British land confiscation.
New Zealand Wars
This Egyptian leader promoted industrialization through state-sponsored factories and cotton production.
Muhammad Ali
This technology greatly increased the rate at which societies and peoples could stay connected.
Telegraph
This Russian ruler abolished serfdom partly to modernize the economy and prevent unrest.
Alexander II