definitions
Conduct Impulses toward the cell body
Dendrite
Two divisions of autonomic nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic system
What is the voltage of the inside of the axon during resting potential?
-70mv
Neurotransmitters are released from
vesicles in axon terminals
How many pair of spinal nerves
31
Conduct impulses away from the cell body
Axon
Motor neurons receive their signals from
interneurons
What voltage does the inside of the axon have to reach for it to commit to reaching action potential?
-55mv
Are all Na+ channels voltage-gated?
nope
How many pair of cranial nerves are there
12
the metabolic center of the cell
Cell body
Structurally, what type of neuron has 1 dendrite and 1 axon with a cell body between them?
Bipolar neuron
Name any three electrical states a neuron can be found in.
polarized, depolarized, repolarized, hyperpolarized
What happens when the cell reaches +30-mv?
Repolarization: K+gates open and it leaves the cell
Nerve impulses are fastest neurons that are
Mylinated
part of the neuron that receives signals
dendrite
Involuntary Subdivision of PNS
Autonomic Nervous System
Which of the following ions stimulates neurotransmitter secretion
Calcium
what is hyperpolarization?
outflow of K+ goes past resting potential.
Example of parasympathetic system responses
all systems returning to normal: regular HR, BP, digestive system back on, etc
Two main structural divisions of Nervous System
Central and Peripheral
after an action potential is propagated, which one of the following ions rapidly diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid?
Potassium
What is happening during the refractory period?
Na+/K+ pump (Na+ out, K+ in) is reestablishing the concentration gradient of Na/K and re-establishing a resting state (polarized membrane) of -70mv
What happens if a local depolarization reaches -60mv
nothing- needs to reach threshold in order to generate an action potential
Which part of the brain is responsible for planning, personality, and intellect?
frontal lobe of the cerebrum
Functionally, what are the types of cells in the peripheral nervous system?
Sensory and motor
swatting a mosquito is an example of
somatic nervous system
What kind of channels are K+ gates?
voltage-gated channels
Steps of a reflex arc in the correct order
receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector
The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the ________
Brain stem
Voluntary control of skeletal muscles is provided by
Somatic nervous system
The ANS is part of the _______system
Peripheral
Where do you find ligand-gated channels on a neuron?
dendrite (for neurotransmitter)
(Na+)
Examples of responses from the sympathetic nervous system
increased heart rate, incrested BP, pupil dilation, glucose released into the bloodstream, increased breathing rate
Rick quickly pulled his hand away from the hot stove. What type of reflex is this?
somatic reflex or withdrawal reflex