Conceptual 1
Two substances, mercury with a density of 13,600 kg/m³ and alcohol with a density of 800 kg/m³, are selected for an experiment. If the experiment requires equal masses of each liquid, which liquid will we need more?
A. Mercury
B. Alcohol
C. Neither
B. Alcohol
According to Archimedes' Principle, the buoyant force on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to:
A) The weight of the object in air
(B) The weight of the fluid displaced by the object
C) The volume of the object submerged
D) The density of the fluid
(B) The weight of the fluid displaced by the object
A rock weighs 4.0 N in air and experiences a weight of 2.5 N when fully immersed in water. What is the buoyant force acting on the rock?
1.5N
Given Sphere #1 with a radius of r, a mass of m, and a density of p, and Sphere #2 with a radius of 3r and the same density, p, what is the mass ratio of Sphere #1 to Sphere #2?
A) 1/27
B) 1/3
C) 1/9
D) They have the same mass
A) 1/27
What is the only fluid on Earth naturally occurring in three forms? (solid, liquid, gas)
Water
A geologist is comparing two rock samples of the same size; one is granite (density ≈ 2700 kg/m³) and the other is basalt (density ≈ 3000 kg/m³). Which rock sample is heavier?
A) Granite
B) Basalt
C) Both weigh the same
D) Depends on the mineral composition of the samples
B) Basalt
In a closed system where fluid flows through pipes of varying diameters, which of the following statements is always true regarding the mass flow rate of the fluid?
A) It increases in narrower pipes.
B) It decreases in wider pipes.
C) It remains constant throughout the system.
D) It is only constant in horizontal pipes.
C) It remains constant throughout the system.
In a hydraulic press, if a force of 50 N is applied to a small piston with an area of 0.1 m², what is the force exerted by the larger piston with an area of 2 m²?
Fout= 1000N
A force F is exerted perpendicularly on a specific area A, resulting in a pressure P. If the identical force F is then applied to an area that is double the original size (2A), what will be the resulting pressure exerted on this larger area?
A) P/4
B) 2P
C) P
D) P/2
D) P/2
Oobleck is a weird solid/liquid many of you have made in class? What ingredients go into oobleck?
Cornstarch and water
A book rests flat on a table. If the book is flipped to stand on its side, covering a smaller area of the table, what happens to the pressure it exerts on the table?
A) The pressure increases
B) The pressure decreases
C) The pressure remains the same
D) The pressure initially increases then decreases
A) The pressure increases
A Venturi meter is a device used to measure the flow rate of a fluid. If the fluid's speed increases in the throat (narrowest part) of the meter, what happens to the fluid pressure in this region?
A) It increases.
B) It decreases.
C) It remains unchanged.
D) It first increases then decreases.
B) It decreases.
Given a container of oil with a volume of 0.2 m³ and a density of 900 kg/m³, what is the mass of the oil?
Moil= 180 kg
A solid object is completely submerged in water. The object displaces a volume of water weighing 2 N.
What is the mass of the object? (Density of water = 1000 kg/m³)
Mobject= 0.24 kg
What percent of Earth's surface is water?
80%
Pascal's Principle states that a change in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid is:
A) Only transmitted vertically throughout the fluid.
B) Not transmitted to other parts of the fluid.
C) Transmitted undiminished in all directions throughout the fluid.
D) Decreased by half throughout the fluid.
C) Transmitted undiminished in all directions throughout the fluid.
A garden hose with a nozzle is used to water plants. When the nozzle is partially closed, reducing the cross-sectional area, what happens to the velocity and pressure of the water exiting the nozzle?
A) Velocity increases; pressure increases.
B) Velocity increases; pressure decreases.
C) Velocity decreases; pressure increases.
D) Velocity and pressure both decrease.
B) Velocity increases; pressure decreases.
What is the total pressure at the bottom of a tank filled with water (density = 1000 kg/m³) that is 3 meters deep?
(Atmospheric Pressure = 100,000 Pa)
130,000 Pa
Water moves through a conduit that transitions between two distinct cross-sectional dimensions.
Initially, the fluid pressure is (3.5 x 105) Pa with a flow velocity of 3.0 m/s. In the subsequent section, the pressure shifts to (2.8 x 105) Pa, and this segment of the pipe is positioned 0.75 m above the ground. What is the velocity of the water flow in this latter section, given water's density is (1000 kg/m³?
11.58 m/s
Plamsa is a fourth state of matter that resembles a liquid, but is actually a "soupy" state that occurs when gases are heated up to extreme temperatures. What is one example of plasma you could encounter in your daily life?
Neon signs/sun/stars
If an object is submerged in two different fluids with densities p1 and p2 where p1 > p2, in which fluid does the object experience a greater buoyant force?
A) Fluid with density p1
B) Fluid with density p2
C) The buoyant force is the same in both fluids
D) It depends on the volume of the object
A) Fluid with density p1
If two identical tanks are filled to the same height with different fluids, one with water and one with a fluid twice as dense as water, and both fluids exit through identical holes at the base, how do their exit speeds compare?
A) The denser fluid exits at the same speed as water.
B) The denser fluid exits at a higher speed than water.
C) The denser fluid exits at a lower speed than water.
D) The exit speed depends on the height, not the density.
A) The denser fluid exits at the same speed as water.
Water flows through a pipe at a velocity of 2 m/s when the cross-sectional area is 0.3 m². If the area of the pipe narrows to 0.15 m², what is the new velocity of the water, assuming incompressible flow and constant mass flow rate?
4 m/s
A bottle with an open top is filled with liquid, which exits through a nozzle positioned a vertical distance h beneath the liquid's surface. What is the exit velocity of the liquid as it leaves the bottle?
v= √2gh
What is the most viscous liquid known to humans?
Pitch (tar)