AP Physics 2 Equations Semester 1

Thermodynamics

100

The change in internal energy of a system is given by ΔU = 

Q + W

"energy transferred to a system by heating" + "work done on a system"

150

In the equation, W = -PΔV, why is the right side negative?

"W" refers to the work done *on* a system. If the system is expanding (gaining volume), it's doing work on its surroundings.

200

The average kinetic energy of a single particle in a gas, in terms of temperature (T), is equal to...

(3/2)k_BT

250

What are the two main versions of the Ideal Gas Law?

PV = nRT

PV = Nk_BT

300

The rate of heat transfer is a function of Area, difference in Temperature, Thickness, and a constant, known as _________. (don't just give the symbol, what does the constant mean)

Thermal Conductivity

Electrostatics

100

What is the equation for Electric Force between 2 point charges?

kq₁q₂/r²

Note: the "k" is also written as 1/(4πϵ₀)

150

If moving a 4 C charge to a second position stores 8 J of electric potential energy in that charge, what is the difference in electric potential between those two positions? Include units.

2 V

or 2 J/C

200

Given the magnitude of an electric field outside of a point charge, how could you get the electric potential at that point?

multiply by "r" (the distance from the Center of Mass of the point charge)

250

What are the two main ways to calculate the energy stored in a capacitor?

U_C = (1/2)QΔV = (1/2)C(ΔV)²

300

What is the full equation for Capacitance in terms of Area and Distance?

C = κϵ₀(A/d)

Circuits

100

What are the 3 ways to write Ohm's Law?

I = V/R

V = IR

R = V/I

150

Current could be thought of as "________ per unit of time."

Charge

(I = ΔQ/Δt)

200

What are the three ways to calculate the Power dissipated by a circuit element?

P = IV

P = I²R

P = V²/R

250

What is the total resistance of a 1 Ω, 2 Ω, and 3 Ω resistor connected in parallel?

6/11 Ω

(0.55 Ω)

300

What is the total Capacitance of a 2 F, 3 F, and 6 F capacitor connected in series?

1 F

E&M

100

The magnetic force on a charged object is directly proportional to the charge, the strength of the magnetic field, and the object's ________.

velocity

(if you say sine of the angle between v and B, that's also acceptable)

150

In Faraday's Law, what does ε refer to?

electromotive force (emf)

200

Biot-Savart's law, derived from Ampere's Law, gives the magnetic field strength at distance r from a current carrying wire. What is the equation for this Law?

B = μ₀I / 2πr

250

"Weber" (Wb) is the unit of magnetic flux. One alternative way to write this unit would be:

T*m^2 (Tesla-meter squared)

V*s (Volt-seconds)

J/A (Joules per Ampere)

300

What are the 3 E&M equations that use a trigonometric identity?

F_B = qvBsin(θ)

F_B = IℓBsin(θ)

Φ_B = BAcos(θ)

AP Physics 1

100

What is the equation for the potential energy stored in a spring?

1/2 k(Δx²)

150

The coefficient of friction is the ratio between which two forces?

Friction Force and Normal Force

200

In Hooke's Law, what does "k" refer to?

The Spring Constant (how "stiff" a spring is)

250

What is the Impulse-Momentum Theorem equation? Include any deltas (Δ).

Δp = FΔt

"delta Pee Fat"

300

What is the full kinematics equation that gives you the final velocity of a monkey if you only know the monkey's initial velocity, acceleration, and displacement?

v_x² = v_x0² + 2a_x(x - x₀)

(equation is acceptable if subscripts are not shown, or if the displacement is written as "Δx" or "d")