Cognition
Research Methods
Biology
Sensation & Perception
Learning
100
Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called
What are flashbulb memories?
100
Terms are defined in ways that can be easily and objectively measured.
What is an Operational Definition?
100
Alcohol is considered a(n)
Stimulant
Opiate
Both a depressant and hallucinogen
Depressant
Hallucinogen
The answer is 4) Depressant.
100
Olfactory receptor cells are essential for our sense of
a. hearing
b. equilibrium
c. smell
d. touch
e. kinesthesia
The answer is c) smell.
100
If you use money to buy ham, the money is a __________, while the food is a _________.
- a. primary reinforcer; secondary reinforcer
- b. aversive stimulus; primary reinforcer
- c. aversive stimulus; secondary reinforcer
- d. secondary reinforcer; aversive stimulus
- e. secondary reinforcer; primary reinforcer
The answer is e) secondary reinforcer; primary reinforcer
200
In the words “lightly,” “neatly,” and “shortly,” the “ly” ending is a(n)
What is a Morpheme?
200
Professional psychological associations require researchers to
minimize infection, illness, and pain in animal subjects.
test only dependent, not independent, variables on animals.
study animals only in their natural environment.
protect only cats, dogs, and primates, not mice or rats, from unnecessary pain
obtain informed consent before using any animals as subjects in research.
The answer is 1) minimize infection, illness, and pain in animal subjects.
200
Stimulation of portions of the left temporal lobe of the brain during surgery will cause the patient to
See lights
Jerk the left arm
Extend the tongue
Hear sounds
Lost the sense of smell
The answer is 4) Hear sounds
200
The most light-sensitive receptor cells are the
a. bipolar cells.
b. cones.
c. rods.
d. ganglion cells.
e. iris.
The answer is c) rods.
200
For Little Albert, his fear of __________ was interpreted as an instance of ____________.
- a. John Watson; a sensible response
- b. a white laboratory rat; conditioned fear
- c. his mother; childhood psychosis
- d. Santa Claus mask; experimental psychosis
- e. a white laboratory rat; operant conditioning
b) a white laboratory rat; conditioned fear
300
The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information is called
What does proactive interference refer to?
300
Following the scientific discovery that a specific brain structure is significantly larger in violent individuals than in those who are nonviolent, a news headline announced: “Enlarged Brain Structure Triggers Violent Acts.” The headline writer should most clearly be warned about the dangers of
a) confusing correlation with causation
b) discerning order in random events
c) perceiving illusory correlations
d) generalizing from unrepresentative samples
The answer is a) confusing correlation with causation.
300
Which of the following corresponds to location D in the above diagram?
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Frontal Lobe
Callosum Lobe
The answer is 3) Parietal Lobe.
300
Cones and rods are to vision as ________ are to audition.
a. hair cells
b. eardrums
c. cochleas
d. semicircular canals
e. oval windows
The answer is a) hair cells.
300
In classical conditioning, the ________ signals the impending occurrence of the ________.
a. US; NS
b. CR; UR
c. US; CR
d. UR; CR
e. NS; US
The answer is e) NS; US
400
A best example of a category of objects, events, or people is called a
What is a Prototype?
400
The sequential occurrence of two highly unusual events is most likely to contribute to
the hindsight bias.
Overconfidence.
an illusory correlation.
the placebo effect.
random sampling.
The answer is 3) an illusory correlation.
400
Put the following terms in order, from smallest to largest.
DNA, chromosomes, genes
genes, DNA, chromosomes
DNA, genes, chromosomes
genes, chromosomes, DNA
chromosomes, genes, DNA
The answer is 2) genes, DNA, chromosomes.
400
Damage to the basilar membrane is most likely to result in
a. loss of movement.
b. conduction hearing loss.
c. loss of the sense of balance.
d. accommodation.
e. nerve deafness.
The answer is e) nerve deafness.
400
Watching the night sky for shooting stars is likely to be reinforced on a ________ schedule.
a. partial-delayed
b. variable-ratio
c. fixed-interval
d. variable-interval
e. Fixed-ratio
The answer is d) variable-interval.
500
Congratulations! You have to answer two questions. :)
1. Studying psychological concepts while riding the bus, walking to lunch, and waiting for class to begin will improve your memory of the concepts by taking advantage of ...
2. Reading a romantic novel caused Consuela to recall some old experiences with a junior high school boyfriend. The effect of the novel on Consuela's memory retrieval is an illustration of ...
1. What is the Spacing Effect?
2. What is Priming? Priming is a phenomenon whereby exposure to one stimulus influences a response to a subsequent stimulus, without conscious guidance or intention.
If you got one of these questions right, you will receive 250 points (if possible).
500
An experimenter conducts an experiment on the effects of a drug to control hallucinations. He declares the results to be “statistically significant,” which usually means that
there was very little difference between the experimental and control group
differences between experimental and control groups were so large they could never occur by chance alone
the results have important implications for theory and practice
even though appropriate statistics were used, no differences could be detected between the experimental and control groups
differences between experimental and control groups of this size occur by chance only 5 times out of 100 (or less)
The answer is 5) differences between experimental and control groups of this size occur by chance only 5 times out of 100 (or less).
500
Psychologist Michael Gazzaniga asked split-brain patients to stare at a dot as he flashed HE·ART on a screen. HE appeared in the left visual field, ART in the right. When asked to point to the word with their left hand, patients pointed to
a. HEART.
b. EA.
c. ART.
d. nothing. They were unable to complete the task.
E. HE.
The answer is 5) HE.
(because it was with their left hand that corresponds to right brain, but they would say “art” aloud because left hemisphere=right side of body.)
500
If an image falls on the eye's blind spot, you do not detect it. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?
a. Rods must share bipolar cells with other rods, which affects how an image is perceived.
b. The curvature of the lens must accommodate to the incoming light levels or the image will not be seen.
c. When the eye stops moving, the sight would vanish.
d. The image is not perceived because without receptor cells, transduction cannot occur.
e. An image that is not projected on the fovea will not be perceived.
The answer is d) The image is not perceived because without receptor cells, transduction cannot occur.
500
Congratulations! You have to answer three questions. :)
1. When your alarm clock rings loudly until you turn it off, it is acting as a
- a. positive reinforcer
- b. positive punishment
- c. negative reinforcer
- d. negative punishment
- e. unconditioned stimulus
2.
_____________ is a procedure for changing the behavior by reinforcing responses that approach the desired goal.
- a. Molding
- b. shaping
- c. natural selection
- d. behavioral analysis
- e. counterconditioning
3. I want my dog Fuzzy to fetch the paper for me in the morning. When first teaching Fuzzy how to fetch the paper I should reward her using a __________ schedule of reinforcement. After she has learned the behavior, I should change to a ___________ schedule of reinforcement, if I want her to continue to fetch the paper.
- a. variable-ratio; variable interval
- b. continuous ; fixed ratio
- c. fixed ratio; fixed-interval
- d. continuous; variable-ratio
- e. fixed ratio; variable ratio
1. c) negative reinforcer
2. b) shaping
3. d) continuous; variable-ratio
Half points may be possible if you got at least two of these right, but what were you expecting for 500 points?