Famous Psychologists
This Russian physiologist trained dogs to salivate to a bell.
What is Ivan Pavlov?
The naturally occurring reaction to food in Pavlov’s experiment.
What is the unconditioned response?
The process of learning associations between two stimuli.
What is classical conditioning?
This type of conditioning occurs when the neutral stimulus comes before the unconditioned stimulus.
What is forward conditioning?
This occurs when an organism learns not to respond to repeated harmless stimuli.
What is habituation?
This behaviorist believed psychology should focus on observable behavior.
What is John B. Watson?
The stimulus that naturally causes a response without learning.
What is the unconditioned stimulus?
The phase in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus.
What is acquisition?
This type occurs when the conditioned stimulus appears after the unconditioned stimulus.
What is backward conditioning?
This process allows organisms to distinguish between different stimuli.
What is discrimination?
This experiment conditioned a child to fear a white rat.
What is the Little Albert experiment?
The learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus.
What is the conditioned response?
The weakening of a conditioned response when reinforcement stops.
What is extinction?
This schedule presents the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus at the same time.
What is simultaneous conditioning?
The famous Little Albert study demonstrated conditioned emotional this.
What is fear?
This psychologist showed that emotions could be classically conditioned in humans.
Who is John B. Watson?
A stimulus that originally produced no response before learning occurred.
What is the neutral stimulus?
The reappearance of a conditioned response after a pause following extinction.
What is spontaneous recovery?
Learning works best when there is this kind of relationship between the stimuli.
What is predictive timing?
Advertising often pairs products with positive images to create this type of learned association.
What is classical conditioning?
Pavlov originally studied this biological process before discovering conditioning.
What is digestion?
The once-neutral stimulus that triggers a learned response after conditioning.
What is the conditioned stimulus?
The tendency to respond similarly to stimuli that resemble the conditioned stimulus.
What is generalization?
This explains why taste aversions can develop after only one pairing.
What is biological preparedness?
This modern application of classical conditioning is used to reduce fears and phobias.
What is exposure therapy?