Memory
The process of converting information into a form that can be stored in memory.
What is memory encoding?
Memory of how to do things that require motor or performance skill
What is the procedural memory?
(1885) A German psychologist who conducted a series of memory/forgetting experiments on himself
Who is Hermann Ebbinghaus?
Memory circuits in the brain that consist of complicated networks of nerve cells
What are neuronal networks?
A tool that can be used to improve memory
What is a Mnemonic device?
The 3rd stage of the Three-stage model of memory.
What is long-term memory?
Enduring memories of emotionally charged events that seem permanently seared into the brain
What are flashbulb memories?
Theory that memories gradually fade and deteriorate over time
What is the decay theory?
A term coined by Karl Lashley for the physical trace or etching of a memory in the brain – could not be found
What are engrams?
The tendency for retention of learned material to be greater with spaced practice than with mass practice
What is the massed vs spaced practice effect?
The sensory store for holding mental representation of a visual image.
What is iconic memory?
Memories of personal experience
What is episodic memory?
Tendency to recall first and last items in a list better than items in the middle
What is the serial position effect?
The part of the brain which is responsible for consolidation of memory
What is the hippocampus?
An experimental task in which subjects are presented with a stimulus that primes them to respond in a certain way to a subsequent stimuli
What are priming tasks?
Extending a memory through repetition.
What is maintenance rehearsal?
Memory for future actions or plans
What is prospective memory?
An experience in which people are sure they know something but can seem to bring it to mind
What is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
This Nobel prize winning psychologist studied how biochemicals in the brain form long-term memories in sea snails
Who is Erik Kandel?
A form of memory distortion that affects eye witness testimony and that is caused by misinformation provided during retention interval
What is the misinformation effect?
In the three-component model of working memory – this stores auditory information.
What is the phonological loop?
Or What is echoic memory?
An organized knowledge structure, such as a set of beliefs, that reflects one’s past experiences, and knowledge about the world
What is Memory Schema?
A psychologically based form of amnesia involving the “splitting off” from memory of traumatic or troubling experien
What is dissociative amnesia?
The strengthening of synaptic connections from repeated use
What is long-term potentiation (LTP)?
The loss or impairment of the ability to form new memories
What is Anterograde amnesia?