Perception
Failing to see visible objects when attention is elsewhere
Give a common prototype for a bird
Robin, blue jay, finch
The tendency to be more assured than correct
Overconfidence
Amount of information our short term memory can hold at one time
7 pieces of information
Type of intelligence that tends to increase with age
Crystallized Intelligence
The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
Selective Attention
interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
assimilation
In cognition, the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an obstacle to problem solving
Fixation
Retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection
Implicit Memory
Someone who is otherwise limited in mental ability is amazing at math. What is term describes this person?
Savant (Savant Syndrome)
Emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes
Gestaltism
expanding the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking diverges in different directions. (uses for a brick)
divergent thinking
Framing choices in a way that encourages people to make beneficial decisions
Nudge
Name the three processes involving memory
Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval
Test designed to predict a person’s future performance
Aptitude Test
Ability to adjust to changed sensory input, including an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field
Perceptual Adaptation
Simple thinking strategy that people often use to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; faster but also more prone to error than an algorithm
Heuristics
Clinging to one’s beginning ideas after the basis on which they were created has been discredited
Belief Perseverance
Unconscious encoding of incidental information, like space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings
Automatic Processing
Describe the IQ equation and what it means
MA (mental age)/ CA (chronological age) x 100 = IQ (intelligence quota)
Illusion of movement with blinking lights
Phi Phenomenon
Name 2 of the 5 components of creativity
Expertise, Imaginative thinking skills, venturesome personality, intrinsic motivation, and a creative environment
Predicting the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory
Availability Heuristic
Differentiate between proactive and retroactive interference
Proactive - forward-acting disruptive effect of older learning on the recall of new information; old locker combination interfering with new one
Retroactive - backward-acting disruptive effect of newer learning on the recall of old information; lyrics of a new song make you forget lyrics of an older song
What makes a test standardized?
it has defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group