Developmental Psychology
Piaget is best known for his interest in the process of ________ development.
Cognitive
This attachment is the ability to form close bonds, feeling secure when left alone, the ability to trust others
Secure Attachment
Parents who are demanding and yet sensitively responsive to their children are said to be
Authoritative
Piaget is to cognitive development as Erikson is to ________ development.
Psychosocial
If the sound of an electric can opener causes a child to salivate because it has previously been associated with the presentation of food, the child's salivation to the sound of the can opener is a(n)
Conditioned Response
The awareness that things continue to exist even when they are not perceived is known as
Object Permanence
The Harlows' studies of infant monkeys raised with artificial mothers suggest that body contact promotes
a. attachment.
b. stranger anxiety.
c. conservation.
d. schemas.
a. attachment
Parents who make few demands on their children and use little punishment are
Permissive
having not yet assumed full adult responsibilities and independence, feel “in between.”
Emerging Adult
After receiving a painful shot from a female nurse in a white uniform, 3-year-old Vaclav experiences fear of any woman wearing a white dress. Vaclav's reaction best illustrates
Generalization
A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information is called a(n)
Schema
This attachment is marked by developing mistrust, being distant or withdrawn, and being overly independent
Avoidant Attachment
Psychologists describe child-rearing in which rules are imposed without explanation as a(n) ________ style.
Authoritarian
According to Erikson, achieving a sense of identity is the special task of the
a. preschooler.
b. elementary schoolchild.
c. adolescent.
d. adult.
c. adolescent.
Because Mandisa always picked up her newborn daughter when she cried, her daughter is now a real crybaby. In this case, picking up the infant served as a(n) ________ for crying.
Positive Reinforcer
According to Piaget, people are first able to reason abstractly and think hypothetically during the ________ stage.
a. postconventional
b. formal operational
c. concrete operational
d. sensorimotor
b. formal operational
At 12 months of age Jeremy shows no more desire to be held by his own parents than by complete strangers. His behavior best illustrates
Insecure Attachment
At age 12, Sean is happy, self-reliant, and has a positive self-image. It is most likely that Sean's parents are
Authoritative
An awareness of your distinctive status as an exchange student in a high school far from your homeland best illustrates a sense of
Social Identity
Coffee shops that reward customers with one free cup of coffee after every ten coffee purchases are using a ________ reinforcement schedule.
Fixed ratio
Children's ability to infer other people's intentions and thought process is indicative of this Piaget term
Theory of Mind
This attachment is marked by clingy behavior, fear of abandonment, and high sensitivity
Anxious Attachment
a theory that focuses on a student's ability to learn information through the help of a more informed individual
Scaffolding
Name Erikson's stage where young emerging adults begin to from close meaningful relationships or do not
Intimacy v Isolation
An executive in a computer software firm works with his office door closed. At the same time every hour he opens the door to see what his employees are doing. The employees have learned to work especially hard during the five minutes before and while the door is open. Their work pattern is typical of responses that are reinforced on a ________ schedule.
Fixed Interval
The principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects is called
Conservation
Nature is to nurture as ________ is to ________.
a.secure attachment; imprinting
b. heredity; maturation
c. accommodation; assimilation
d. temperament; responsive parenting
a. secure attachment; imprinting
The “sweet spot” of learning tasks that a person cannot accomplish alone but can master with guidance. The emphasis is placed on cultural and social interactions to achieve this knowledge.
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
What stage of life does integrity v despair occur in?
65+ or end of life
The tendency for repeated behaviors to be rewarded in order to acquire a learned behavior
Ex. Skinner Box
Law of Effect
Noam Chomsky believed that language is actually more nature than nurture and we are all hardwired with basic understanding of language and communication. What is this concept called?
Universal Grammar