Unit 1&2
Freud was the founder of
psychoanalysis
When a neuron depolarizes, what does it produce that travels down the length of the axon?
action potential
What are stored memories integrated with the information that is currently being processed?
Working Memory
Four-year-old Noah understands that birds build nests in trees. In his front yard, Noah notices an unusually large nest. He is scared to go near it, fearing some large bird may attack him. Noah's father explains to him that squirrels also build nests and that the nest in the front yard is that of a squirrel. Noah changes his thinking to now include that squirrels build nests. Jean Piaget would say that Noah's new way of thinking about nests is an example of:
When four-year-old Chris grabs a toy car from two-year-old Pat because Chris wants to play with the toy, Chris is demonstrating:
Instrumental Aggression
When you watch dogs play in the park or what how your professors conduct their classes, you are engaging in a form of
naturalistic observation
Which neurotransmitter would be most directly responsible for allowing Jenna to swing her tennis racket?
Edward has been practicing a piece for his piano recital for months. While playing, Edward has found that he can think about what happened at school and not lose his place in the piece. Edward’s ability best illustrates?
Automatic Processing
A nine-year-old girl first learning about her capabilities on the playground and in the classroom would be in which of Erikson's stage of development?
Industry v. Inferiority
Ashley recently joined a club at her school. When Ashley attended her first meeting, she noticed the other club members were signing a sheet of paper at the front of the room. Believing the other members must know the club's procedures, Ashley signed the paper. Which of the following best explains Ashley's conforming behavior?
Informational Social Influence
Behaviorist J.B. Watson objected to early theories of psychology because of their focus on:
mental processes
Mark, a musician, suffered brain damage from a viral infection. As a result, he lost the ability to form an new memories. Which part of Mark's brain was damaged?
Hippocampus
Researchers have found that over 90% of American drivers believe they are better-than-average drivers. This belief can make them engage in more risky behaviors. This demonstrates the widespread impact of:
Overconfidence
One criticism of Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory of development is that it:
Based on empirically unverifiable constructs
Bill mistakenly believes that his coworker Natalie dislikes him. As a result, Bill avoids Natalie and is not friendly towards her. Natalie notices this and begins to dislike Bill. This scenario is an example of which of the following?
Self-fulfilling Prophecy
In people who have been blind since birth and who then have had their sight restored, size constancy:
is absent or severely limited
Thalia watches her brother Jason sneak downstairs to play video games after they were supposed to be in bed. Their parents don't wake up. Jason comes back upstairs an hour later, says that playing the games was a lot of fun, and does not get in trouble. A few nights later, Thalia sneaks downstairs to play video games. What kind of learning most influences Thalia in this scenario?
Observational Learning
Pursuit of activity for its own sake is propelled by:
Intrinsic Motivation
In a two-phase study, participants were randomly assigned to either group A or group B. All participants were subjected to a series of irritating air puffs directed at the face. In the first phase of the study, participants in group A pressed a button that stopped the air puffs. Participants in group B pressed a button that had no effect on the air puffs. In the second phase of the study, both groups had buttons that, if pressed, would stop the air puffs. Which of the following disorders is hypothesized to result most frequently from real-world conditions that are similar to those used in the study?
Major Depressive
A researcher has a hypothesis that men are more likely to be influenced by the central route to persuasion when buying a car than women are. The researcher randomly selects thirty men and thirty women to observe while they buy a car, and the researcher finds that women pay attention to information about the reliability of the car, whereas men pay attention to available colors that the car comes in. Which conclusion can the researcher draw?
the hypothesis is not supported because the results indicate that women are influenced more by the central route to persuasion than men are
Your air conditioner makes a sound as it kicks on causing you to take notice. After a while, you "tune the AC sound out." When it kicks off, you take notice again. This is an example of:
Habituation
Mrs. Ogg, a computer programmer, is working on a project for a casino. The casino manager asked her program a video poker machine to make sure that players win only after they get a winning hand and only after they have been playing for somewhere between 10 and 23 minutes. Which schedule of reinforcement best matches the program Mrs. Ogg is writing?
Variable-Interval Schedule
See snake, your heart pounds, and you become frightened is a sequence of emotion theory of:
James-Lange
Alex is sure something is wrong with him, even though his doctor has not found any physiological basis for his complaints. He returns to the doctor every few weeks to report symptoms of new illnesses based on information he reads. Alex is most likely to be diagnosed with which disorders?
Somatoform
In a study conducted by Philip Zimbardo, female college students were asked to shock other students. Half of the female students each wore a hood and lab coat to hide their identity. The other half each wore their own clothes and a large name tag. The results indicated that the hooded students delivered twice as many shocks as the other students. The results of the study indicate that an important contributor to deindividuation is
Anonymity