Parts & Types
These systems are known as a complex networks of neurons and coordinating bodily functions such as thoughts, feelings, and bodily actions
Neural or Nervous Systems
Chemical messengers in the brain
Neurotransmitters
The process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles after being released
Reuptake
Network of glands and organs that use hormones to regulate the body's metabolism, growth, mood, reproduction, and more
Endocrine System
Substances that affect the mind, behavior, and perception.
Psychoactive Drugs
The large bundle of fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain
Corpus callosum
This part of the neuron contains the nucleus and most of the cell's organelles
Soma
This neurotransmitter plays a role in mood regulation, appetite, and sleep
Serotonin
The difference in electric charge across the membrane of a resting neuron
Resting potential
Chemical messengers produced by glands in the endocrine system
Hormones
This term describes a condition characterized by a compulsive need to use a substance despite harmful consequences
Addiction
ITS LOBE TIME!!!!!!!!
This lobe processes visual information.
Occipital Lobe
Type of neuron which transmits impulses from the central nervous system to muscles or glands
Motor Neurons
This neurotransmitter is associated with pleasure, reward, and motor function regulation
Dopamine
The minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
Threshold
Type of hormone is often referred to as the "fight-or-flight" hormone
Adrenaline
The physiological and psychological symptoms that occur when a dependent person stops taking a substance
Withdrawal
Located at that base of the brain and connected directly to the spinal cord this part of the brain includes structures vital for basic life functions.
Brain Stem
This part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting signals away from the cell body
Axon
This neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the body's fight-or-flight response
Norepinephrine
This term describes the principle that a neuron either fires at full strength or does not fire at all
All-or-nothing basis
The hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles
Melatonin
Drugs that alter perceptions and may cause hallucinations
Hallucinogens
ITS LOBE TIME!!!!
This lobe is involved in auditory processing and memory.
Temporal Lobe
This is the part of the nerve cell which receives the electrochemical communication from the previous neuron
Dendrite
Neurotransmitters that act as natural painkillers
Endorphins
The brief period after a neuron fires during which it cannot fire again
Refractory period
Random Brain Question!!!
This brain region is involved in speech production and is located in the frontal lobe.
Broca’s Area
Drugs that increase central nervous system activity and enhance alertness and energy
Stimulants
One of the sub components of the brain stem this
Cerebellum
Communication between neurons occurs at this junction
Synapse
The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system
GABA
Random Brain Question!!!
This brain region is involved in language comprehension, and is located in the temporal lobe.
Wernicke’s Area
Brain Anatomy!!!!!
The “master gland” that controls other endocrine glands and regulates growth, metabolism, and reproduction
Pituitary Gland
Drugs that relieve pain and can lead to euphoria
Opioids
ITS LOBE TIME!!!!
This lobe is involved in executive functions, motor control, and decision-making.
Frontal Lobe
Neurons that carry incoming information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system
Sensory neurons
This neurotransmitter is involved in muscle contraction and is affected in conditions like Alzheimer's disease
Acetylcholine
Random Brain Question!!!
Known as the brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life.
Brain Plasticity
Which hormone is known as the "love hormone" due to its role in social bonding and reproductive behaviors
Oxytocin
Drugs that decrease central nervous system activity and induce relaxation and sleep
Depressants
One of the sub components of the brain stem this controls vital functions such as breathing and heart rate.
Medulla
This is the insulating layer that covers many axons and speeds up neural impulses
Myelin Sheath
The most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
Glutamate
The rapid, automatic response to a stimulus, such as pulling your hand away from a hot stove
Reflex arc
RANDOM BRAIN QUESTION!!!!
This type of brain scan measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow
fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Chemicals that enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter
Agonists
ITS LOBE TIME!!!!
This lobe contains the somatosensory cortex, which processes touch and spatial awareness.
Parietal Lobe
These cells that support and protect neurons
Glial cells
This type of neurotransmitter decreases the likelihood of a neuron firing an action potential
Inhibitory
This condition is characterized by the degeneration of myelin, leading to disrupted neural communication
Multiple sclerosis
RANDOM BRAIN QUESTION!!!!!
This neurological disorder is characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal brain activity.
Epilepsy
Chemicals that block or reduce the effects of a neurotransmitter
Antagonists
This part of the brain plays a vital role in memory formation and storage
Hippocampus
Neurons that connect sensory and motor neurons and carry impulses between them
Interneurons
This type of neurotransmitter increases the likelihood of a neuron firing an action potential
Excitatory
The autoimmune disorder that impairs communication between nerves and muscles, leading to muscle weakness
Myasthenia gravis
RANDOM BRAIN QUESTION
A language disorder affecting speech and comprehension due to brain damage
Aphasia
Random Brain Question!!!
This type of brain scan measures electrical activity in the brain.
EEG Scan (Electroencephalography)
This part of the brain is involved in the processing of ones emotions
Amygdala