A specification of how a researcher measures a research variable is known as a(n):
A) standard deviation.
B) control condition.
C) replication.
D) operational definition.
E) observation.
D) operational definition.
100
The technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer images of structures within the brain is called:
A) the EEG.
B) a lesion.
C) a PET scan.
D) MRI.
D) MRI.
100
During the course of successful prenatal development, a human organism begins as a(n):
A) embryo and finally develops into a zygote.
B) zygote and finally develops into an embryo.
C) embryo and finally develops into a fetus.
D) zygote and finally develops into a fetus.
E) fetus and finally develops into an embryo.
D) zygote and finally develops into a fetus.
100
The most crucial ingredient in all learning is:
A) shaping.
B) modeling.
C) experience.
D) intrinsic motivation.
E) maturation.
C) experience.
100
The retina is to the eye as the ________ is to the ear.
A) auditory nerve
B) cochlea
C) auditory canal
D) eardrum
E) eustachian tube
B) cochlea
200
Six different high school students spent $10, $13, $2, $12, $13, and $4, respectively, on entertainment. The mode of this group's entertainment expenditures is:
A) $9.
B) $10.
C) $11.
D) $12.
E) $13.
E) $13.
200
The parietal lobes are to ________ as the occipital lobes are to ________.
A) hearing; seeing
B) sensing touch; seeing
C) sensing pleasure; sensing pain
D) tasting; smelling
E) speaking; seeing
B) sensing touch; seeing
200
When people are experiencing vivid dreams:
A) their bodies often move in accordance with what they dream.
B) their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids.
C) they are more likely to sleepwalk than during any other stage of sleep.
D) their slow brainwave patterns indicate that they are deeply asleep.
E) they intermittently stop breathing.
B) their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids.
200
Ever since his mother began to give Julio gold stars for keeping his bed dry all night, Julio discontinued his habit of bedwetting. His change in behavior best illustrates the value of:
A) primary reinforcement.
B) classical conditioning.
C) spontaneous recovery.
D) operant conditioning.
E) latent learning.
D) operant conditioning.
200
Experiencing a green afterimage of a red object is most easily explained by:
A) the opponent-process theory.
B) the gate-control theory.
C) place theory.
D) the Young-Helmholtz theory.
E) frequency theory.
A) the opponent-process theory.
300
The healing power of positive expectations is best illustrated by:
A) overconfidence.
B) illusory correlation.
C) the placebo effect.
D) hindsight bias.
E) replication.
C) the placebo effect.
300
The part of the cerebral cortex that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is known as:
A) Wernicke's area.
B) Broca's area.
C) the amygdala.
D) the angular gyrus.
E) the reticular formation.
B) Broca's area.
300
Vincent's ability to reason hypothetically in his geometry class indicates that he is in the ________ stage of development.
A) concrete operational
B) formal operational
C) preconventional
D) postconventional
E) preoperational
B) formal operational
300
Norman Triplett observed that adolescents wound a fishing reel faster in the presence of someone working simultaneously on the same task. This best illustrates:
A) the mere exposure effect.
B) the bystander effect.
C) social facilitation.
D) group polarization.
E) deindividuation.
C) social facilitation.
300
Which of the following is a binocular cue for the perception of distance?
A) interposition
B) convergence
C) closure
D) linear perspective
E) texture gradient
B) convergence
400
The early school of psychology that employed the method of introspection was known as:
A) psychiatry.
B) behaviorism.
C) naturalism.
D) structuralism.
D) structuralism.
400
The medulla is to the control of ________ as the cerebellum is to the control of ________.
A) eating; sleeping
B) breathing; walking
C) emotion; motivation
D) memory; attention
E) hearing; seeing
B) breathing; walking
400
Narcolepsy is associated with a relative absence of a hypothalamic neural center that produces:
A) adenosine.
B) hypocretin.
C) melatonin.
D) THC.
B) hypocretin.
400
In classical conditioning, the ________ signals the impending occurrence of the ________.
A) US; CS
B) UR; CR
C) CS; US
D) CR; UR
E) US; CR
C) CS; US
400
Although a few keys on the piano were broken, Shana couldn't prevent herself from mentally filling in the missing notes of the familiar melodies. This best illustrates the principle of:
A) proximity.
B) continuity.
C) closure.
D) convergence.
E) interposition.
C) closure.
500
Which of the following correlations between self-esteem and body weight would enable you to most accurately predict body weight from knowledge of level of self-esteem?
A) +0.60
B) +0.01
C) –0.10
D) –0.06
E) 0.00
A) +0.60
500
A picture of a cat is briefly flashed in the left visual field and a picture of a mouse is briefly flashed in the right visual field of a splitbrain patient. The individual will be able to use her:
A) right hand to indicate she saw a cat.
B) left hand to indicate she saw a mouse.
C) right hand to indicate she saw a mouse.
D) left or right hand to indicate she saw a cat.
E) left or right hand to indicate she saw a mouse.
C) right hand to indicate she saw a mouse.
500
In order to qualify for the office manager's job, 55-year-old Mariel's must take a series of psychological tests. Her performance on the test of ________ is likely to be poorer than if she had taken it as a 25-year-old.
A) general knowledge
B) spelling
C) abstract reasoning
D) vocabulary
E) verbal comprehension
C) abstract reasoning
500
During a test, Abe impulsively copied several answers from a nearby student's paper. He felt very uncomfortable about having done this until he convinced himself that copying answers is not wrong if classmates are careless enough to expose their test sheets. Which theory best explains why Abe adopted this new attitude?
A) frustration-aggression theory
B) attribution theory
C) social exchange theory
D) cognitive dissonance theory
E) the two-factor theory
D) cognitive dissonance theory
500
The tendency to perceive a moving light in the night sky as belonging to an airplane rather than a satellite best illustrates the impact of:
A) visual capture.
B) relative clarity.
C) feature detection.
D) perceptual set.
E) the phi phenomenon.