neuron & brain
a fatty, insulating layer that surrounds the axon of a nerve cell, enabling electrical impulses to travel quickly and efficiently
What is Myelin Sheath
Psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.
what is hallucinogens
A neurocognitive disorder marked by neural plaques, often with an onset after age 80, and entailing a progressive decline in memory and other cognitive abilities.
what is Alzheimer's disease
a state in which an individual is focused on certain aspects of the environment rather than on others
what is attention
A standardized scale used to measure intellectual abilities.
what is intelligence quotient (IQ)
A neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system.
what is dopamine
A stimulant which can increase alertness and wakefulness but also produce anxiety, restlessness, and insomnia in high doses.
what is caffeine
The temporary inability to remember something you know, accompanied by a feeling that it's just out of reach.
what is tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
Failing to notice differences in the environment.
what is change blindness
In Carol Dweck's model, a belief about intelligence that suggests it is not changeable
what is fixed mindset
the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the brainstem is responsible for automatic survival functions
what is brain stem
The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.
what is circadian rhythm
Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
whst is serial position effect
The ability to focus on one stimulus while excluding other stimuli that are present.
what is selective attention
tests designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn
what is aptitude tests
The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.
threshold
hunger suppressing hormone that is decreased when sleep deprived causing weight gain
what is leptin
a collection of basic knowledge about a concept or entity that serves as a guide to perception, interpretation, imagination, or problem solving. For example, the schema "dorm room" suggests that a bed and a desk are probably part of the scene, that a microwave oven might or might not be, and that expensive Persian rugs probably will not be.
what is schemas
a monocular cue for perceiving depth; the smaller retinal image is farther away.
relative size
the rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations
what is flynn effect
a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process for storage (conscious) memories of facts and events
hippocampus
The theory that sleep aids memory consolidation. Sleep also helps to restore and rebuild the experiences and memories of our day.
what is consolidation theory
The disruption effect of new information on the recall of old information.
what is retroactive interference
Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations.
what is top down processing
the number of years one has been alive; one's age as determined by date of birth
what chronological age