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Learning that occurs through observing others’ behavior and the consequences of those behaviors is called ________ learning.
What is observational
In classical conditioning, the naturally occurring stimulus that triggers a response without prior learning is called the ____________ ___________.
What is unconditioned stimulus
When a previously conditioned response returns after extinction and a rest period, this is known as ____________ ___________.
What is spontaneous recovery
The mental representation of a physical environment used for navigation is called a ___________ _______.
What is cognitive map
When behavior increases because an unpleasant stimulus is removed, this is called ___________ ____________.
What is negative reinforcement
A student studies hard because their parents give them $20 for every A on a test. This is an example of:
A. Positive punishment
B. Negative reinforcement
C. Positive reinforcement
D. Negative punishment
What is C -Positive reinforcement
A child stops whining after their parent gives them extra chores every time they complain. This is:
A. Positive punishment
B. Negative reinforcement
C. Positive reinforcement
D. Classical conditioning
What is A - positive punishment
A dog salivates when it hears a bell that has been repeatedly paired with food. The bell is the:
A. Unconditioned stimulus
B. Conditioned stimulus
C. Unconditioned response
D. Neutral response
What is B -Conditioned stimulus
Learning that becomes apparent only when there is motivation to demonstrate it is called ________ ____________.
What is latent learning
The theory suggesting that people learn behaviors by observing others and imitating them is __________ ____________ ___________.
What is social learning theory.
A rat receives food after every 5 lever presses. This is which reinforcement schedule?
A. Fixed interval
B. Variable ratio
C. Fixed ratio
D. Variable interval
What is C - fixed ratio
Checking your phone repeatedly because a message could arrive at any moment is most similar to which reinforcement schedule?
A. Fixed interval
B. Variable interval
C. Fixed ratio
D. Continuous reinforcement
What is B - variable interval
Slot machines are designed using which reinforcement schedule?
A. Fixed ratio
B. Variable ratio
C. Fixed interval
D. Variable interval
What is B -variable ratio
Gradually reinforcing behaviors that are closer and closer to the desired behavior is called ________.
What is shaping
A monkey suddenly figures out how to stack boxes to reach bananas after thinking about the problem. This is:
A. Trial-and-error learning
B. Operant conditioning
C. Insight learning
D. Latent learning
What is C - Insight learning
A person continues a behavior because it removes an unpleasant feeling such as stress. This is:
A. Positive reinforcement
B. Negative reinforcement
C. Positive punishment
D. Negative punishment
What is B - Negative Reinforcement
When a conditioned stimulus no longer produces a response because it is presented without the unconditioned stimulus, ________ has occurred.
A student loses phone privileges after breaking curfew. This is:
A. Positive punishment
B. Negative punishment
C. Negative reinforcement
D. Positive reinforcement
What is B- negative punishment
A person drinks water after exercise because the relief from thirst is rewarding. Water in this case is a:
A. Secondary reinforcer
B. Primary reinforcer
C. Conditioned stimulus
D. Punisher
What is B - primary reinforcer
Money is considered which type of reinforcer?
A. Primary reinforcer
B. Secondary reinforcer
C. Neutral stimulus
D. Unconditioned reinforcer
What is B - secondary reinforcer
Developing a strong dislike for a food after getting sick from it once is known as ________ __________.
What is taste aversion
A student believes their lucky socks caused them to get an A on a test and continues wearing them for exams. This is an example of:
A. Insight learning
B. Superstitious behavior
C. Observational learning
D. Biological preparedness
What is B - superstitious behavior
When people stop trying to change a situation because they believe they have no control over the outcome, they are experiencing __________ ____________.
What is learned helplessness
After learning that her phone vibrates in a specific pattern when her best friend texts, Maya only checks her phone for that pattern and ignores other notifications. This illustrates:
A. Stimulus generalization
B. Stimulus discrimination
C. Operant conditioning
D. Shaping
What is B - stimulus discrimination
A student begins to feel anxious whenever they hear a specific ringtone that used to signal bad news. This learning occurred through:
A. Operant conditioning
B. Classical conditioning
C. Latent learning
D. Insight learning
What is B- Classical conditioning
A student watches his friend get scolded by the teacher for using their phone in class. After seeing this, he immediately puts his phone away. This learning occurred through:
A. Classical conditioning
B. Latent conditioning
C. Insight learning
D. Vicarious learning
What is D - vicarious learning
A dog trained to salivate at the sound of a specific whistle does not respond to other whistles that sound slightly different. This demonstrates:
A. Stimulus discrimination
B. Stimulus generalization
C. Habituation
D. Insight learning
What is A - stimulus discrimination
A child who was frightened by a clown at a birthday party later becomes anxious when seeing people wearing heavy face paint or costumes. This is best explained by:
A. Stimulus generalization
B. Stimulus discrimination
C. Observational learning
D. Latent learning
What is A -stimulus generalization
Every morning, Daniel drinks strong coffee that contains caffeine. The caffeine naturally makes him feel alert and awake. After months of this routine, Daniel notices that the smell of coffee brewing alone makes him feel energized, even before he drinks it. Identify the following:
UCS: __________________
UCR: __________________
CS: __________________
CR: __________________
What is
UCS: Caffeine in the coffee
UCR: Feeling alert/awake from caffeine
CS: Smell of coffee brewing
CR: Feeling alert when smelling coffee