Abnormal Psych
A psychological disorder marked by the appearance of one or more of three key symptoms– extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
ADHD
The effect that showcases that distributed study or practice yields better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Spacing Effect
The stage when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response.
Acquisition
Graph that allows one to directly see the relationship between two variables
Scatterplot
The theory that explains someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition
Attribution Theory
A disorder is characterized by being continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Flashbulb Memory
The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
Generalization
When we see an association between two variables (events, actions, ideas, etc.) when they aren't actually associated
Illusory Correlation
The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon
A psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished or inappropriate emotional expression.
Schizophrenia
An increase in a cell’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation
Long-term potentiation (LTP)
An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
Shaping
The use of chance procedures in psychology experiments to ensure that each participant has the same opportunity to be assigned to any given group
Random Assignment
The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.
Deindividuation
A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly known as multiple personality disorder.
Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
The effect that states that the last and first items within a list are the items that we are best able to recall
Serial Position Effect
The type of learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it
Latent Learning
The tendency, upon learning an outcome of an event—such as an experiment, a sporting event, a military decision, or a political election—to overestimate one's ability to have foreseen the outcome
Hindsight Bias
The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause
Somatic Symptom Disorder
The effect where one incorporates misleading information into one’s memory of an event.
Misinformation Effect
Law that states that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely
Law of Effect
Group in an experiment used to establish a cause-and-effect relationship by isolating the effect of an independent variable
Control Group
The theory that states that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
Scapegoat Theory