Unit 1
Define psychology and trace its historical development
Psychology’s historical development and current activities lead us to define the field as the science of behavior and mental processes
Define what the autonomic nervous system does
Controls automatic bodily functions
Define sensation and perception
Sensation is the experience of a stimuli and perception is adding meaning to the stimuli
Explain the difference between implicit and explicit memory
Explicit memory involves conscious remembering of prior episodes, often by means of intentional retrieval of those episodes, whereas implicit memory involves influences of prior episodes on current behavior without intentional retrieval, and sometimes without conscious remembering of those prior episodes
Explain Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
What did Dorothea Dix do
Asylum reforms
What is the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic
sympathetic automatically raises your heart rate, and parasympathetic automatically lowers your heart rate
What are the effects of sensory restriction research
Indicates that there is a critical period for some aspects of sensory and perceptual development
Explain the relationship between thought and language
How an individual thinks is directly correlated to their language. Thinking is a cognitive process that allows an individual to make connections and develop meaning for the world around them
What is motivation
The reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way
Who was the father of psychology
William James
What is a sensory neuron
From sensory organs to brain and spinal cord
Explain sensory adaptation
Getting used to the level of stimuli you are experiencing
What is the barnum effect
The Barnum effect occurs when people accept vague or general descriptions of themselves, which is common when reading horoscopes
Explain homeostasis
The tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.
the stability of our traits, the rationality of our thoughts and actions, and the relative contributions of biology and experience to intelligence, personality, and behavior
Identify three methods used to study the brain
Split brain study, MRI, CAT scan
What causes the blind spot
Where the optic nerve leaves the eye going to the brain causes blindness in a certain area
Explain the structure of language
Phonemes are the smallest distinguishable units in a language. Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units in a language. Syntax is a system of rules that governs how words can be meaningfully arranged to form phrases and sentences
What was the Masters and Johnson study
Understanding human sexual response, dysfunction, and disorders through the direct observation of anatomical and physiological sexual responses of human subjects.
What approaches did Edward Titchener and William James create
William James was Functionalism, Edward Titchener was Structuralism
What is contained in the limbic system
The amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus, pituitary gland
Explain the trichromatic and opponent process theories of color vision.
The trichromatic theory of color states that the world is made up of green, red, and blue. Opponent process theory off vision states one member of the color pair suppresses the other color.
Explain iconic and echoic memory
Iconic memory is the storage of what we see, while echoic memory is the storage of what we hear
What was the Singer-Schachter Two-Factor theory of emotion
Emotion is formed from physiological arousal and a cognitive label.